The purpose of the research is to devise and implement for testing the ability to absorb energy from vibration. The results are obtained from simulating the operating status of small machines. In order to get the mechanical force from the vibrating of the machine by using piezoelectric materials (PZT) It was found that the size of the piezoelectric materials used in each condition affected the energy absorption. There are variables interested in different diameters at 27 and 35 millimeters. The result shows that the dielectric displacement is directly proportional to the force used but is inversely proportional to the size of the cross-sectional area of the piezoelectric material. In addition the ability to absorb energy in one second is 4.51 volts and has a maximum energy of 7.4 x10 -8joules.

The objectives of this research were to study cellulose fiber extraction from rice straw with sodium hydroxide in various conditions (with 5 1 0 and 1 0 % of sodium hydroxide at room temperature 60ºC and 90 ºC for 0.5 1 2 and 3 hours) and to study rice straw nonwovens preparation by the wet-laid process. Oil wicking ability oil absorption ability air permeability morphology and physical properties of prepared nonwovens were investigated. It was found that the optimal condition for cellulose fiber extraction from rice straw was 5% of sodium hydroxide at 90 ºC for 2 hours. At this condition the cellulose fiber yield of 2 2% and the fiber length of 1 . 9 6 cm were obtained. The oil wicking ability and oil absorption ability of rice straw nonwovens increased when weight per unit area increased. Therefore oil absorbed into gaps between fibers of the nonwovens by capillary effect. Moreover the nonwovens could wick and absorb virgin palm oil better than fried palm oil because virgin palm oil has a lower viscosity than fried palm oil. The viscosity increased from derived lipid and other substances which dissolve and disperse increasing after frying food. The results indicated that the rice straw nonwovens had oil absorption ability.

Chromium (III) is an inorganic salt being used as corrosion inhibitor plating agents surface treating agents furniture furnishings and textile printing and etc. The discharge of industrial waste water containing chromium (III) into the water source was toxic to the aquatic lives and some parts accumulate in the soil chromium (III) reduces the growth of plants reduced photosynthesis inhibit the enzyme activity imbalanced in plants and reduced productivity and etc. For this reason method to remove it before discharge the effluent into the water source is necessary. The use of apatite materials for adsorption and immobilization of various pollutants was a technique that was more likely to be used.Due to its high adsorbency easy to use and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research was to study the preparation of calcium hydroxyapatite structural characterization of calcium hydroxyapatite by X-ray diffraction technique adsorption study of chromium solution with calcium hydroxyapatite in various conditions and the determination of adsorption isotherm. The results showed that the optimum contact time of calcium hydroxyapatite and chromium solution was 3 hours. Most adsorption works well at a pH of around 6.76. Considering the amount of chromium (III) adsorbed at equilibrium (q) it was found that the calcium hydroxyapatite with 10 % zinc added that has been calcined to 400 OC and the calcium hydroxyapatite with 15 % zinc added that has been calcined to 800 OC were to adsorb chromium (III) more than other sorbents. The adsorption isotherm was suited with Fruendlich and Langmuir. The calcium hydroxyapatite with 10 % and 15 % zinc added that has been calcined to 400 OC had the highest adsorption capacity (qm) up to 178.57 and 181.82 mg/g respectively. In addition it was found that calcium hydroxyapatite which heated to 800 degrees Celsius can decompose tricalciumphosphate.

This research aims to produce activated carbon from molasses via a chemical activation process with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a microwave heating process which consumes less energy and provides more rapid and uniform heat distribution than a conventional heating. The obtained activated carbon was then characterized with BET SEM and FTIR. It exhibited a large specific surface area of 1631 m2/g and a total pore volume of 1.124 cm3/g consisting of mesopore and micropore. In addition the active functional groups were also found on the surface of the activated carbon. Thus it was brought for the adsorption test with methylene blue. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon increased with time and reached the equilibrium within 8 hours. The adsorption data of the activated carbon were corresponded to Langmuir isotherm with the highest adsorption capacity of 370.37 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic of the activated carbon exhibited pseudo-second order reaction suggesting to the chemisorption phenomenon. From the thermodynamic study it revealed that the adsorption process were endothermic and spontaneous reactions.

The objective of this work was to study the adsorption efficiency of bamboo and its surface modified with manganese oxide for removal of Pb(II) ion. The adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto bamboo (BB) and manganese oxide-modified bamboo powder (MnO-BB) was evaluated based on batch experiment. The adsorption efficiency of MnO-BB onto Pb(II) was investigated as a function of the initial pH of 6 equilibrium time of 30 min adsorbent concentration of 5 g/L and initial concentration of Pb(II) solution in the range of 50-500 mg/L. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to describe the equilibrium isotherm. It is observed that the data from MnO-BB adsorbents fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MnO-NC were estimated as 38.76 mg/g. By comparing with BB the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed onto MnO-BB was more than BB by about 40 times under the optimized adsorption condition. According to Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm the adsorptive mechanism of Pb(II) onto MnO-BB was chemisorption. The kinetic studies of Pb(II) demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto MnO-BB adsorbent followed a pseudo second-order model with a good correlation. The adsorption mechanism was processed via chemical ion exchange between H+ and bonded MnO groups and Pb(II) ions in solution