In this research scaffolds of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and zinc nickel ferrite (ZnxNi1-xFe2O4) were simply fabricated via the uniaxial pressing together with pressureless sintering which can be tailored for specific applications. The morphology of ZnxNi1-xFe2O4/β-TCP scaffolds with all formulas obtained from the SEM result revealed the larger grains the higher porosity and higher interconnectivity with increasing of ZnxNi1-xFe2O4 amount in β-TCP matrix. The high porous structure of the composite scaffold provided high surface area for cell attachment indicative of good cell growth and differentiation. Biological in vitro test using direct contact method with human cells revealed that the composite scaffold of β-TCP and Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 with all ratios induced the higher growth of Human osteoblast cells and the better cell spreading on surface of specimens

In this work fiber mat based on silk sericin and thunbergia laurifolia linn extract was developed via electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. The waste cocoons were selected from Nakhon Ratchasima 1 (K1) with appropriate spicy for extracting the silk sericin protein. Trunk of thunbergia laurifolia linn was selected for preparing thunbergia laurifolia linn extract. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with several concentrations were chose and fabricated to fibers by electrospinning technique to investigate suitable polymer concentration for mixing silk sericin and thunbergia laurifolia linn extract. The result revealed that PVA of 9 wt % was suitable due to Several parameters were investigated to prepare the electrospun fiber of silk sericin and thunbergia laurifolia linn extract such as their mixing ratio voltage the distance between the needle and the substrate and the needle size. The results indicated that mixing ratio of silk sericin and thunbergia laurifolia linn extract at 50:50 (w/w) voltage of 15 kV the distance of the needle and the substrate at 8 cm and the needle size of 18 were optimum condition for the fabrication of electrospun fiber with diameter of 100-200 nm and that with smooth and continue feature.

In this work the objective is to develop the bilayer structure consisting of hydroxyapatite-alumina (HAp-Al2O3) layer and 3 mol% yttria tetragonal zirconia (TZ-3Y) layer using conventional technique consisting of the simple pressing together with pressureless sintering. In order to obtain the desired characteristics of bilayer structure layer thickness cosintering temperature and Al2O3 addition on successful fabrication of HAp-Al2O3/TZ-3Y bilayer structure are investigated. The results indicated that the HAp-10A/TZ-3Y bilayer structure was successfully fabricated by single-end die pressing the powders in hollow cylindrical graphite die under 60 MPa pressure and further wet-bag isostatically pressing in oil to 300 MPa pressure before sintering at 1200 ˚C for 1 h. It is found that an addition of 10 vol% Al2O3 into the HAp outerlayer is the essential condition to effectively suppress the differences in densification and coefficient of thermal expansion of the two layers during cosintering at 1200 oC for 1 h. The obtained HAp-10A/TZ-3Y bilayered disc has diameter of 21.0 mm HAp-10A outerlayer of 4.5 mm thick and TZ-3Y underlayer of 2.5 mm thick. The XRD pattern of the powders crushed from its HAp-10A outerlayer revealed no transformation into other new phases demonstrating that there is no reaction between HAp and Al2O3 during sintering at 1200˚C. The cross-section morphology of HAp-10A/TZ-3Y bilayered composite obtained from the SEM result revealed the porous structure with good interconnectivity. The high porous structure of the bilayered composite provided high surface area for cell attachment indicative of good cell growth and differentiation. The primary grain sizes of HAp-10A outerlayer and TZ-3Y underlayer were in the range of 1-3 um and 100-500 nm respectively. The hardness of HAp-10A layer and /TZ-3Y layer in bilayer structure varied with different layer thicknesses. Accordingly the results presented in this work demonstrated that the HAp-10A/TZ–3Y bilayered composite fabricated by simple technique has thick HAp-Al2O3 outerlayer and strong interfacial bonding between interface layers which can be tailored for specific applications

This research study about rainfall pattern in Thailand due to the influenced of the tropical cyclone. The annual rainfall analysis was derived from the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) since 1 9 7 1 -2 0 0 0. The analysis of annual rainfall used composite analysis and classification of rainfall patterns with cluster analysis. To measuring the similarity between the rainfall patterns in each year by hierarchical clustering method. In addition use to Single Linkage rules for grouping the rainfall pattern and using the distance between the units close together as possible into consideration. The summarized of rainfall pattern due to the influenced of the tropical cyclone are usually found in the eastern and northeastern regions of Thailand. It is found that a heavy rainfall. The rainfall pattern in the western regions of Thailand has the least amount of rainfall as a result of drought.

A promising composite of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) and bioactive hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 ;HAp) has expected to potential for future bone reinforcing formation. In present study zinc ferrite and hydroxyapatite composite was prepared by solid state reaction route for easier control of structural and magnetic characteristics and with low cost. Hydroxyapatite powder was synthesized by precipitation method from chicken eggshell. Mixed powders with varying ZnFe2O4/HAp weight ratios from 2-10 wt% were milled together and uniaxially pressed and then sintered at 1200 oC for 3 hours. The XRD results showing no other phases of composite with only HAp and ZnFe2O4 phases were identified indicating high stability of HAp property. Phase fractions of ZnFe2O4 were found to increase from 10.8 to 18.73 wt% with increasing content of ZnFe2O4. FT-IR results of ZnFe2O4/HAp composite were only revealed vibration bands of standard HAp phase. This may due to the overlapping of the ZnFe2O4 vibrational bands with HAp bands. However their intense variations observed in HAp vibrational bands indicated the interaction between ZnFe2O4 and HAp. The surface morphology of these ZnFe2O4/HAp composite exhibited primary grain in nano scale with enhanced pore structure and Interconnectivity when ZnFe2O4 weight ratios increased; indicating high surface area for cell attachment and better good cell growth and differentiation. The higher saturation magnetization as well as higher super paramagnetic behavior could be easily altered by increasing ZnFe2O4 content in the composite.