The objective of this research was to design run flat wheels made of aluminum for passenger cars and investigate the stress strain and deformation of run flat wheels and their components. The original 17 inch run flat wheels were made of AISI 1020 steel with a weight of 11.3 kg per wheel. The main problems were from the high-level weight as well as the untighten connection together with noticed gaps taking place between the run flat wheel and the wheel. Therefore in this study the AISI 1020 material was changed to the Aluminum 6063 T6 material. The Numerical methodology using the finite element program was also chosen to indicate the comparative differences in the strain values engaged at various locations of both run flat wheels and pan wheels. The results obtained from both approaches using SolidWorks Simulation Program uncovered the consistent results of the experiments with a 10-16% difference in strain values. The complicated 17 inch wheel pan model was next built using reverse engineering and employed as a key reference to design the cross-sectional area of the new run flat wheels made of Aluminum 6063 T6. All these two parts could be connected tightly. The SolidWorks Simulation program was employed to design and examine the strength of both designed aluminum run flat wheels made of aluminum and the wheel pan made of 17 inch aluminum alloy to build passenger cars. The finite element model was furthermore applied for the run flat wheels made of aluminum 6063 T6 and it provided run flat wheels composed of 2 light weighted pieces. The stress strain and deformation measured were proven and suggested in the test. The output Von Mises stress did not exceed the Yield stress within the linear elastic limit and 3 times safety integrity value. The results from the study were that the obtained run flat wheels allowed the driver to continuously drive for a further 50 kilometers at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour without losing control. They allowed possible tire repairing or replacing when situated in a safe and convenient location.

This thesis was an analysis of the significance of angle of inclination and the thickness of the armor plate on the penetration resistance of bullets on aluminum and stainless steel armor plates determined by the finite element method. In this study the information results obtained from actual firing of bulletproof armor and the finite element simulation according to NIJ 3 standards were compared to create a pattern of bulletproof and bulletproof armor using the SolidWorks program. The simulation model of the armor shooting was created by the Ansys/Explicit Dynamics program. The bullet material was 7.62 mm tungsten carbide (WC). There were three plate types used in the simulation were made of different bulletproof armor materials: 1) stainless steel SUS304 using for the plate thickness of 5 6 8 10 14 20 30 40 45 and 55 mm. 2) aluminum AL7075 using for the plate thicknesses of 6 8 10 and 20 mm. Additionally 3) tungsten carbide using for the plate thicknesses of 6 8 and 10 mm. Each of these plates had a width x length of 300 x 300 mm. The simulation models were divided into two types: Type 1 a simulation firing at one plate at a time. Type II a simulation firing at two layered plates stacked together without any gaps between plates. The front and the back plates made of stainless steel and aluminum respectively or tungsten carbide and stainless steel respectively were determined. The angles of firing at bulletproof armor were set at 0 30 and 45 degrees. The output results were that in Type I the stainless-steel plate with a thickness of 30 mm or more could resist the penetration of bullets. However in Type II 2 stacked layers of the armor plates using the front stainless plate with a thickness of only 20 mm and the back aluminum plate with a thickness of only 8 mm could provide the same constructive results as those of tungsten carbide and stainless steel plates for the front and back plates with both thickness setting at 16 mm. All of them showed the resistance of the penetration to the bullets. More observation was that the increases in angles as a result enhanced more resistance of the bulletproof plates to bullet penetration.

Run flat wheels for small armored regular trucks have been re-developed by transformation from the original metallic material to compound materials polymer group materials as important raw materials then added with aluminum oxide powder to achieve higher strength and wear resistance. The research was performed by using reverse engineering processes including designing and analysis with finite element methodology with the SolidWorks Simulation program and comparing the analyzed results with outcome experiments. Several variables used for the design and analysis were 1) the optimal width of the run flat wheel at the parts both attached to the wheel pan and contacted with the inner rubber surface 2) internal and external radiuses. The internal radius is depending on the size of the wheel pan and the external radius is a variable that determines the height of the Run flat wheel. 3) the shape designed to prevent wearing of the inner tire surface of the run flat wheel and the shape of the run flat reel in the part contacted with the wheel pan. This wheel pan part is such uneven inclined area which is difficult to hold. 4) a design locking kit for tightly fastening the run flat reels to the wheel pan 5) the material used to create the run flat wheel and 6) tire pressure. The run-flat wheels were then designed and constructed in a modular form of 3 parts for ease of the wheel pan assembly. In designing pattern the assembling run flat reels had to be fit into the characteristics of a small armored regular truck wheel pan convenient to assemble with a wheel pan and tightly attached without looseness or deformation when impacted. The run flat reel gripping device has been redesigned to lock all three run flat parts together. It brought up the impact resistance from body weight was at 50 km/hr.

This research analyzes the parameters affecting the penetrating resistance of shells on the armor surface by the finite element method. In this study the results were compared with real bulletproof armor firing tests and finite element simulations. modeling of bulletproof armor using Solid Works program. Creating and simulating armor firing pattern using ANSYS Explicit Dynamic program. damage test is based on National Institute of Justice level 3 standards with material of the ammunition is 7.62 mm tungsten carbide (WC) and speed 847 + 9.1m/s. there are two types of bulletproof armor used in this simulation 1. SKD11 2. Aluminum AL7075. The simulations is into 1 category Simulation of stacked armor plates. The sizes of the armor plates are 6 8 and 10 mm and the angles of firing of bulletproof armor are 0 30 and 45 degrees. result of this simulation armor thickness and firing angle are factors of penetration resistance. when the angle of the projectile is tilted it will cause the projectile to deflect reducing the frictional contact from the impact.

This research analyzes the parameters affecting the penetrating resistance of shells on the armor surface by the finite element method. In this study the results were compared with real bulletproof armor firing tests and finite element simulations. modeling of bulletproof and bulletproof armor using Solid Works program. Creating and simulating armor firing pattern using ANSYS Explicit Dynamic program. damage test is based on National Institute of Justice (NIJ) level 3 standards with bullets the material of the ammunition is 7.62 mm tungsten carbide (WC). there are two types of bulletproof armor used in this simulation 1) SKD11 2) Aluminum AL7075. The simulations is into 1 category Simulation of stacked armor plates. The sizes of the armor plates are 6 8 and 10 mm and the angles of firing of bulletproof armor are 0 30 and 45 degrees. result of this simulation armor thickness and firing angle are factors of penetration resistance.