This research aims to study the ant repellent effects of the crude ethanolic extracts from 7 herbs; Piper nigrum Linn. Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd Ocimum basilicum L. Cymbopogon citratus Stapf Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle Citrus hystrix DC and Stemona collinsae Craib. Whatman filter paper was dipped with each concentration of the crude ethanolic extracts (0.625 1.25 2.5 and 5 % w/v) and placing the bait on a treated filter paper. The experiments were conducted in the natural. The numbers of weaver ants were recorded at 0 - 30 minutes. From the results the crude ethanolic extracts at 5% w/v of A. galanga was the most effective for repellent the ant (repellent rate; %R = 94.72 ± 2.39) followed with C. citratus (%R = 89.45 ± 3.85) S. collinsae (%R = 82.92 ± 4.47) and P.nigrum (%R = 81.20 ± 5.92). The repellent rates of those crude ethanolic extracts were significantly difference from distilled water which use for the negative control (P < 0.05). The crude ethanolic extract of A. galanga at concentration 5% w/v was prepared as spray cream chalk and powder. At 30 minutes of the observation the ethanolic extracts of A. galanga spray was the best ant repellent effect (%R = 100). The result from questionnaires reveals that a spray preparation was the more satisfaction for the using ant repellent products.

Garlic is an ancient food and medicinal plant that has been used for centuries. The research team was interested in creating a garlic oil extract that could help reduce microbial contamination in the air during the prolonged period of the COVID-19 situation. A prototype sugarcane leaf paper filter was treated with garlic oil extract to improve its air purification properties and to reduce the number of microorganisms. This study investigated garlic oil extracts that were produced by a garlic fermentation process with isolated lactic acid bacteria. The oil was then extracted using steam distillation or maceration with 80% ethyl alcohol. Both these methods demonstrated that they were effective in inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms contaminating isolated from air (Fungi: Penicillium sp. Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus sp. and Bacteria: E. coil Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus sp.) by Agar Diffusion method. It was found that the garlic oil extract distilled from steam was the best choice for further development as a coating for filter paper. Garlic oil extract can be stored at room temperature for at least 15 days after being coated on filter papers. After that the filters with garlic extract-coated filters made by sewing together four folded filter papers could remove the dust of 2.5 sizes as well as HEPA filters but had a disadvantage in filtering dust that was at least 10 PPM. This paper filter prototype was environmentally friendly because it could decompose on the ground within 12-15 days and reduce the spread of infection problems. From overall the prototype of the garlic oil extraction process can be developed at a commercial industrial level to produce large quantities of garlic extract with desired quality tracking features. It helps reducing environmental problems in a sustainable way; reducing waste conserving energy and using environmentally friendly materials.

Premna trichostoma Miq. (Lamiaceae) mainly distribute in Asia including Thailand. Folk healers use this plant to treat fever as a juice splash and bathe. The aims of this study are to evaluate the quantity of active constituents and antioxidant activity of P. trichostoma leaf extract. Total phenolic compounds were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total flavonoid contents were determined by Aluminum chloride method. The amount of apigenin and kaempferol contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assay. The results showed that total phenolic contents total flavonoid contents and the amount of apigenin and kaempferol of P. trichostoma leaf extract was 46.45±15.30 mg GAE/g extract 25.48±2.02 mg CE/g extract 11.16±0.04 and 4.54±0.08 µg/g extract respectively. The IC50 values from the DPPH and ABTS assay was 117.50±1.22 and 36.14±1.53 µg/ml respectively. This study shows the antioxidant properties and active constituents of P. trichostoma leaf extract which indicates the potentials for further development of this plant

The objective of this study is to obtain a model that maximize production of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) by the moss Physcomitrella patens employing response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM with a three-variables (sucrose potassium nitrate and glutamate concentrations) and five-level (-2 -1 0 1 and 2) central composite design (CCD) including 20 experimental runs was employed to optimize the medium composition. Results showed that the experimental data could be appropriately fitted into a second-order polynomial model with a coefficient of determination (R2) more than 0 .9 5 for GLA production. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the model was highly significant (p<0.0001) and the effects of the sucrose (20-100 g/L) and glutamate (0.5-2.5 g/L) concentrations on GLA production were significant (p<0.05). The GLA production with the optimized culture medium (sucrose concentration of 62.92 g/L potassium nitrate of 0.80 g/L and glutamate concentration of 1 .4 2 g/L) by RSM increased 4.61 folds when compared with the standard BCD medium. This experimental value (16.37 mg GLA/L) fit well with the predicted values (16.20 mg GLA/L).

The research team aimed to develop the cracking and extracting processes for Ganoderma lucidum (Red Lingzhi) spores and transfer the technology in the form of soap bar and liquid products together with the cracking and extraction process to the community at Farm Haid Klang Ban in Pathumthani Province. From the study since higher more bioactive compounds found in the aforementioned Ganoderma (Lingzhi) spore extracts over its basidiospore itself the optimized breaking and extraction procedure were composed of freezing at -20oC for 2 days bead beating for 5 minutes and then spore fermented with Lactobacillus spp. at room temperature for 24 hours. The processes could provide more than 65 percentages of the spore fracture efficiency and obtain more active substances such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids Moreover the spore extraction process was required by shaking in ethanol dissolved in distilled water at the ratio 80:20 for 2 hours. The obtained bioactive Lingzhi spore extracts as one active ingredient was added into the saponification process to make soap bar and liquid product. It was found that the soap products could create satisfaction and good feedback from high-level consumers of the farm community in Pathumthani Province. The research should therefore be successfully applied in the form of commercial red lingzhi extract soap in the manner of integration of science and community with knowledge of efficient Red Lingzhi spore cultivation and separation. It can help the development of community enterprises can bring up sustainable economic development in the country in the future.