Development of chili powder products through consumer survey to be used as the information for the development of high quality chili powder. The quality and physicochemical properties of chili powder during storage were investigated. The sound and red pods of fresh chili were washed and blanched at 100ºC for 3 min. Blanched chili pods were soaked in 0.25% sodium metabisulfite with 1.0% citric acid for 30 min prior to drying in a tray dryer at 65°C for 14 h to obtain dried chili with a final moisture content of approximately 8%. Dried chili pods without stem were ground to obtain chili powder. Roasting before grinding resulted in the reduction of moisture aw and color values. The results of study on the quality changes of chili powder during storage showed that storage temperature was the important factor affecting the changes in physicochemical properties and percentage of consumer acceptance. Meanwhile aluminum foil packaging slowed the increase of aflatoxin content in chili powder better than polypropylene. However aerobic bacterial count of the developed chili powder product is very low compared to the microbiological specifications while yeast and mold were not detected. The product contains a standard level of aflatoxin content after 12 weeks in all storage conditions which corresponds to the awareness of consumers in terms of quality cleanliness and safety are important factors in deciding to buy chili products.

Man Lueat (Dioscorea alata) flour is a biopolymer material that can be formed into an edible film. It can be contacted directly with food consumed and naturally biodegraded. The aims of this research were to study the effect of physicochemical mechanical and thermal properties of edible film from Man Lueat flour. The film forming solution was prepared by Man Lueat flour at 4% w/w. The glycerol was used as a plasticizer. It was studied at 3 different levels; 30 40 and 50% w/w of Man Lueat flour. The film forming solutions were formed using the solution casting method and dried at 50 °C for 16 h. Results showed that the glycerol content at different levels of the edible film from Man Lueat flour had no effect on the thickness color transparency and elongation at break. However the moisture content water solubility swelling property and water vapor permeability of the film tended to increase when increasing the glycerol content. In contrast the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of films tended to decrease significantly when the glycerol content increased. Thermal properties were found that decomposition temperature of films occurred 2 stage; the first stage occurs between 50 to 130 ° C and the second stage occurs between 263 to 315 ° C. The analysis of FT-IR showed that the different levels of glycerol affected the structure of the film (3278 cm-1). Therefore the edible film from Man Lueat flour can be applied as a food packaging material to protect the quality of food products.

This research aims to produce activated carbon from molasses via a chemical activation process with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a microwave heating process which consumes less energy and provides more rapid and uniform heat distribution than a conventional heating. The obtained activated carbon was then characterized with BET SEM and FTIR. It exhibited a large specific surface area of 1631 m2/g and a total pore volume of 1.124 cm3/g consisting of mesopore and micropore. In addition the active functional groups were also found on the surface of the activated carbon. Thus it was brought for the adsorption test with methylene blue. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon increased with time and reached the equilibrium within 8 hours. The adsorption data of the activated carbon were corresponded to Langmuir isotherm with the highest adsorption capacity of 370.37 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic of the activated carbon exhibited pseudo-second order reaction suggesting to the chemisorption phenomenon. From the thermodynamic study it revealed that the adsorption process were endothermic and spontaneous reactions.

The objective of this research is to study the techniques of profit quality analysis and the consistency of the profit quality with different profit quality analysis techniques; and to compare profit sustainability between large companies and small companies of the industrial energy and utilities group and the petrochemical and chemical group. The data is collected from financial statements and data entry forms (Form 56-1) from 2012 to 2018. A total of 47 companies are analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation; and inferential statistics including multiple regression analysis and analysis of the average difference between 2 groups The research found that in the analysis of the profit quality consistency in all 4 methods there were only 13 companies in the energy and utilities group with consistent quality of profits accounting for 39.39%; and 20 with inconsistent results accounting for 60.61%. In the petrochemical and chemical group there was only 1 company with consistent quality in all 4 methods representing 7.14%; and 13 companies with inconsistent quality representing 92.86%. In addition when comparing the profit sustainability between large companies and small companies it was found that there was no statistical difference in profit sustainability (sig = 0.305> 0.05). When comparing the profit sustainability between energy and utilities group and the petrochemical and chemical group it was found that petrochemical and chemical companies had a higher profit sustainability than the energy and utilities group at statistical significance of 0.01 (sig = 0.009 <0.01).

Water is a vital component of almost every organism. Magnetic fields effecting on physical properties of water are reported in this work. In order to obtain the magnetized water magnetic fields were applied and subsequently passed through water. The chemical properties of magnetized water were also studied such as pH dissolved oxygen gas spectroscopic data of UV- X-ray and IR-spectrum calcium carbonate crystallization concrete strength levitation refractive index melting point contact angle electrolytic potential value hydrogen bonding vaporization conductivity flow rate dielectric constant viscosity surface tension total hardness convection Ac magnetic susceptibility and diffusion. In addition the magnetized water affecting the growth of some plants and mice with antineoplastic drugs were also studied.