Garlic is an ancient food and medicinal plant that has been used for centuries. The research team was interested in creating a garlic oil extract that could help reduce microbial contamination in the air during the prolonged period of the COVID-19 situation. A prototype sugarcane leaf paper filter was treated with garlic oil extract to improve its air purification properties and to reduce the number of microorganisms. This study investigated garlic oil extracts that were produced by a garlic fermentation process with isolated lactic acid bacteria. The oil was then extracted using steam distillation or maceration with 80% ethyl alcohol. Both these methods demonstrated that they were effective in inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms contaminating isolated from air (Fungi: Penicillium sp. Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus sp. and Bacteria: E. coil Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus sp.) by Agar Diffusion method. It was found that the garlic oil extract distilled from steam was the best choice for further development as a coating for filter paper. Garlic oil extract can be stored at room temperature for at least 15 days after being coated on filter papers. After that the filters with garlic extract-coated filters made by sewing together four folded filter papers could remove the dust of 2.5 sizes as well as HEPA filters but had a disadvantage in filtering dust that was at least 10 PPM. This paper filter prototype was environmentally friendly because it could decompose on the ground within 12-15 days and reduce the spread of infection problems. From overall the prototype of the garlic oil extraction process can be developed at a commercial industrial level to produce large quantities of garlic extract with desired quality tracking features. It helps reducing environmental problems in a sustainable way; reducing waste conserving energy and using environmentally friendly materials.

Oil spills in every household caused by cooking are difficult to eliminate when accumulating for a long time. In this study the researchers aimed to develop the remaining coffee grounds for oil absorption. From 2 coffee ground samples types A and B obtained from different coffee shop & coffee grounds type A demonstrated more effective in absorbing vegetable oil. The sample A was thus treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution at the concentration of 0.5 1 3 33 50 80 and 100 percentages for 30 minutes and determined for the efficiency in oil elimination. The sample with at least 80 % (v/v) H2O2 showed the most effectiveness in absorbing oil. The coffee grounds that were later treated with pineapple juice fermented Kefir could help increase coffee ground degradation at 51.07 percentages. The Kefir treated coffee grounds packed in an absorbent bag revealed higher effectiveness in oil absorption at least 51.07 percentages compared to the controls that were cotton bag and coffee a harboring at the percentages of 73.85 and 30.04 respectively. This coffee ground bag after thrown into the ground could be decomposed in nature for 52 percentages within 1 month. Due to the oil elimination properties of the coffee grounds that are environmentally and human friendly as well as low cost it is possible to develop the kefir treated coffee grounds for being oil-absorbing products that can come in contact with human skin.

This research studied combined toxicities of 4 generally found Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - anthracene fluorene fluoranthene and phenanthrene – during growth of 3 legume seedlings - cow pea mungbean and longbean - planted in varied combination of PAH contaminant in soil. Results showed that mungbean growth was more sensitive to PAH co-contaminated soil than cow pea and longbean. Co-contamination of all 4 PAHs was more toxic to legume than each pair of PAHs. Shoot length and fresh weight of legume seedling were more sensitive to co-contamination of all 4 PAHs than root length. Dry weight of legume seedling was the least sensitive to co-contamination of all PAHs.

This research studied combined toxicities of 4 generally found Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - anthracene fluorene fluoranthene and phenanthrene – during growth of 3 legume seedlings - cow pea mungbean and longbean - planted in varied combination of PAH contaminant in soil. Results showed that mungbean growth was more sensitive to PAH co-contaminated soil than cow pea and longbean. Co-contamination of all 4 PAHs was more toxic to legume than each pair of PAHs. Shoot length and fresh weight of legume seedling were more sensitive to co-contamination of all 4 PAHs than root length. Dry weight of legume seedling was the least sensitive to co-contamination of all PAHs.

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are the substances that disrupt normal functions of hormones produced by endocrine glands affecting to system and organism functions under hormone control altering from nature conditions consequently cause adverse health effect in human and other living organisms. Most EDCs characteristics are lypophilic and persistence in environment. The hazardous EDCs produce from human activities contaminating in environment such as water air soil and food are produced etc.