Broken rice of Thai cross breed black rice Riceberry was an under-utilized agricultural by-product that contains high content of anthocyanins the multiple health benefits flavonoid. In this study these anthocyanins were used to develop healthy dark hocolates. The anthocyanin extract from the broken Riceberry rice was prepared into anthocyanin powder using freeze-drying technique in which maltodextrin was used as a carrier material. Healthy dark chocolates were prepared by replacing cocoa powder with anthocyanin powder by 5 10 and 15 g/g cocoa powder which respectively delivers DC5 DC10 and DC15 anthocyanin-fortified dark chocolate bars. The color analysis showed no blooming (undesired white color at the chocolate surface) in all chocolates. The increase the anthocyanin powder content significantly decreased the hardness of the dark chocolates (33.9-27.2 N). Total anthocyanin content (TAC) in the dark chocolates increased respectively as anthocyanin powder content increased. The health benefit of the anthocyanin-fortified dark chocolates was improved as the DPPH antioxidant activity of all treatments was 4-9% higher than that of the control DC0. Sensory evaluation revealed that DC10 received higher liking scores (6.4-7.5) than the DC0 indicating more consumer preference. The anthocyanin-fortified dark chocolate delivers an alternative strategy to improve the health property of chocolates. This application of anthocyanin from the broken Riceberry rice could help increase the value and the utilization of Thai agricultural by-product.

This study investigated the effects of partial replacement of wheat flours with Hom Nil rice flour on the physicochemical characteristics antioxidant activities and sensory acceptance of chinese steam bread (Mantou). Mantou was made with wheat flours partially substituted with Hom Nil rice flour at the level of 0% 10% 20% and 30%. Colour parameters (lightness (L*) redness (a*) and yellowness (b*)) of Mantou were measured using a Hunter colorimeter and found that L* andb* values of Mantou decreased while a* value increased with increase in level of Hom Nil rice flour from 0 to 30%. Physical characteristics including hardness springiness and cohesiveness of Mantou were significantly affected with substitution due to the disruption of dough structure. The hardness of Mantou increased with the increasing of the Hom Nil rice flour substitution (0%-30%) in contrast with springiness and cohesiveness. The total phenolic/anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activities (DPPH FRAP and ABTS) of Mantou increased with increasing Hom Nil rice flour level up to 30%. These results suggested that the substitution of 20 % Hom Nil rice flour would produce healthy and acceptable Mantou with higher total phenolic/anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activities.

At the present the studies on the Mahachanok jam product is limited. The objective of this research was to study in the textural syneresis and sensory characteristics of Mahachanok jam from three types of geldings (pectin galactomannan and carrageenan) and different storage conditions (room temperature 4o C) for 1 month. It was found that the gel strength rupture strength and brittleness of the Mahachanok jam from carrageenan and galactomannan were higher than pectin (p≤0.05). When the jam was stored at 4oC jam from pectin had highest brittleness and jam from galactomannan had syneresis more than carrageenan and pectin (p≤0.05) respectively. The jam was stored at 4o C found that the syneresis was lower than stored at room temperature. For sensory evaluation the overall acceptance of Mahachanok jam from pectin and carrageenan were higher than galactomannan with the mean of like score between slight to moderate.

Durian has been very popular not only local people but also tourists. As a result there are many durian peels wasted so this research is explored the utilization of durian peels. Durian rind is a biological waste but contains high amount of crude fiber. This research aims to study using durian rind powder to replace wheat flour in butter cakes at 5 10 and 15 % (w/w) (DRB-5 DRB-10 and DRB-15). Physical properties chemical composition and sensory evaluation of the butter cakes were analyzed. The results showed that durian rind powder contained 51.43 % of crude fiber. Increasing of durian rind powder in butter cakes showed significant decreasing of lightness (L*) blue–yellow component (b*) springiness and cohesiveness values while green–red component (a*) hardness and gumminess values were significantly higher than the control sample (BC) (p≤0.05). Dietary fiber content of the products shown significantly increased by 13.98% for DRB-5 48.92 % for DRB-10 and 54.84% for DRB-15 as compared with BC (p≤0.05). The acceptance scores of DRB-5 including appearance odor taste texture and overall liking scores were highest. There are 300.28 kcal for 1 serving of butter cake which contain 1.70 gram of dietary fiber. However durian rind powder can be used as a food ingredient and source of dietary fiber in other food recipes for further studies.

This research is aimed to establish the small wireless sensor network under the real environment. The objectives this research is aimed to study the data transmission and evaluate the data transmission performance of RPL protocol in wireless sensor network. Four nodes of wireless sensor network have been installation and transmissions between nodes in single-hop and multi-hop have been simulation for testing and analyzing data from the network following the transmission performance index. The research found that the number of hop and building environment are the principle factor to the performance of RPL protocol this might be the major limit to implement the RPL protocol in wireless sensor network