This research aimed to study the quality changes of coating salted eggs partially replacing soil from termite mound with turmeric powder at the level of 0% 5% 15% and 25% during storage for 4 weeks. The results showed that the increasing in turmeric level caused a decrease in salt content in raw egg yolk and raw egg white which led to decrease in hardening ratio of egg yolk. The hardness values of cooked - salted egg yolk decreased while those of cooked - salted egg white slightly increased. At the same salting period the color values of raw egg yolk and raw egg white coated with different levels of turmeric were slightly different. Egg yolks changed to a yellowish orange color while egg whites showed lightness with a direction of red and slightly yellowish color. The raw egg white coated with higher level of turmeric powder exhibited more yellowness which was in accordance with the increasing in curcumin content. From the results of 9-point hedonic scale in terms of color aroma overall taste and overall liking it was found that salted eggs coated with turmeric powder to partially replace soil at a level of 25% with 2 weeks of preserved duration had high scores of sensory acceptability which did not differ significantly from the control samples (0% turmeric) (p>0.05). The curcumin content analyzed in dry egg white was 3.885 mg/g at week 2 and increased to 13.291 and 18.484 mg/g at week 3 and 4 respectively.

The purpose of this study is to produce the soil improvement materials from food waste and water hyacinth by using a dehydration process. The experiments were divided into two parts : 1) the study of the optimum temperature and time for converting food waste and water hyacinths to soil improvement materials by determining the temperatures of 100 °C 150 °C and 200°C in the periods of 1 hour 2 hours and 3 hours respectively 2) the study of nutrient content in the materials before and after mixing into the soil for 5 days. The soil used in the experiment was sampled from Sai Ma Subdistrict Nonthaburi Province. The parameters used to evaluate the ability to improve the soil quality were soil moisture pH electro conductivity total nitrogen total phosphorus total potassium and organic matter. The results showed that the optimum temperature for drying the food waste was 150°C for 2 hours and the optimum temperature for drying the water hyacinth was 200°C for 3 hours. When the materials were mixed into soil it found that the soil drainage was improved. Mixing the materials into soil could increase the pH value from 5.2 to 5.4 and increase the electrical conductivity from 0.72 mS/cm to 14.78 mS/cm. Besides the plant nutrients including Nitrogen phosphorus and potassium also increased after adding soil improvement materials.

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. When the plants have been grown for a long-term effect to decreased nitrogen in soil and insufficiency of the plant growth. One biological method for increasing the nitrogen content in soil is utilize of free nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter. Therefore the objective of this research was to search natural material suitable for Azotobacter fixation. The 10 natural materials were observed physical structure and investigated the ability of natural materials for Azotobacter fixation. The results showed that water hyacinth and bagasse stalks were fixed the Azotobacter of 2.43x108 and 1.94 x108 CFU per gram of each natural material respectively. After that the selected fixed Azotobacter of water hyacinth and bagasse stalks were studied the growth of Brassica Chinensis. This experiment was designed to 4 treatments. The first treatment was mixed of water hyacinth stalks and the Azotobacter. Second treatment was mixed of bagasse stalks and the Azotobacter. The third treatment was the Azotobacter only. The last treatment was soil only. The results indicated that the average of plant growth include height leaf number root length fresh weight and dry weight of the mixed of water hyacinth stalks and the Azotobacter had significantly higher growth rates than other treatments. The total nitrogen was also increased 1.4 fold in the soil. All results suggest that the water hyacinth stalk is alternative for the fixation of the free nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter as induce nitrogen in the soil and plant growth promotion.

This study applied the kunzelstab penetration Test (KPT) or Light Penetrometer to examined penetration resistance values geological profiles and estimate shear strength properties of soils. KPT tests were carried out on steep slopes that exhibit potential slope movement in Chiang Rai province. The principal uses of the KPT are examined; i.e. correction method for N’KPT’ soil profile and allowable bearing capacity of soil foundation. KPT tests were conducted at 13 boreholes each measuring 4.00 m long along the crown of the slope. The results indicated the compacted layer and located the firm layer of soil foundation. The average allowable bearing capacities were 1.53 t/m2 at depth of 1.00-5.00 m and 17.06 t/m2 for 5.00-6.00 m depth respectively. Furthermore this paper presents an analysis of the stability of a slope with the shear strength parameters of the soil and the geological profile were defined based on the results of KPT. The results of factor of safety were below the stable value for analysis cases with groundwater table. Test results demonstrate the usefulness of the KPT method in geotechnical investigations to estimate soil profile and bearing capacity efficiently and economically. This approach is also less time consuming compared to other geotechnical site investigation methods.

The purpose of this research was to study the temperature of burning surf clam shell for soil quality improvement. The experiment was divided two parts 1) the study of the optimum temperature for calcium oxide production by burning 800 900 1000 and 1100 °C 2) the study of using calcium oxide to improve soil qualities of acidic soil and saline soil. The parameters used in the analysis included elements of soil particles soil moisture pH conductivity total content nitrogen phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that the optimum temperature for the production of calcium oxide was 1100 °C since it provided the highest calcium oxide content of 90 % by weight. After applying calcium oxide into acidic soil the composition of soil particles was changed from sandy clay to sandy clay loam. In contrast the soil particle was not changed but the proportion was changed in saline soil. It was also found that calcium oxide reduced soil moisture and influenced the acidity of soil by increasing the pH from 3.39 to 6.92 in acidic soil and 6.49 to 9.11 in saline soil. In addition it was found that the electrical conductivity of the soil was related to salinity. In acidic soil the conductivity of before and after inputting calcium oxide were 0.87 and 1.24 dS/m respectively. In the case of saline soil the conductivity of before and after improvement were 14.37 and 18.80 dS/m respectively. Besides it was found that the total content of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium were reduced after the experiment.