The objective of this work was to study the adsorption efficiency of natural clay and its surface modified with manganese oxide for removal of Pb( II) ion. The adsorption of Pb( II) from aqueous solution onto raw natural clay (NC) and manganese oxide-modified natural clay (MnO-NC) was evaluated based on batch experiment. The adsorption efficiency of MnO-NC onto Pb( II) was investigated as a function of the initial pH of 6 equilibrium time of 30 min adsorbent concentration of 5 g/L and initial concentration of Pb(II) solution in the range of 50- 500 mg/L. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to describe the equilibrium isotherm. It is observed that the data from MnO-NC adsorbents fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MnO-NC were estimated as 38. 76 mg/ g. By comparing with NC the amount of Pb( II) adsorbed onto MnO-NC was more than NC by about 38 times under the optimized adsorption condition. According to Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm the adsorptive mechanism of Pb(II) onto MnO-NC was chemisorption whereas the NC showed the mechanism as physical in nature. The kinetic studies of Pb( II) demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb( II) onto MnO- NC and NC adsorbents followed a pseudo second- order model with a good correlation. The adsorption mechanism was processed via chemical ion exchange between H+ and bonded MnO groups and Pb(II) ions in solution.

Over the past decade eye-tracking technology can help people all over the world access computers through systems that use gaze control. For people with disabilities this technology is a gateway to communication personal expression and inclusion in society. Eye-tracking technology advance has been transferred to the educational area and now the use of interacting with the multimedia materials and resources in the classroom. The objectives of this research are threefold. The first study presented the development of a low-cost eye-tracking device based on video-oculography. The second study examined various factors in which eye movements can be systematically measured to design appropriate of usability in computer-assisted instruction (CAI). The third study created and determine the efficiency of computer-assisted instruction interactive with eyes lesson on knowledge of ASEAN in elementary education for a student with disabled hand control. This research has looked at three design parameters of the dwell-time click alternative interactive button size and placement of the button which suitable for eye tracking interfaces. The evaluation carried out an experiment to compare performance with five students with a disability. Results showed that a combination of big buttons and short dwell-times are most suited for maximizing accuracy and ease of use. Furthermore the efficiency of computer-assisted instruction is 70.0/71.5 and the user’s satisfaction with CAI were at the high level ( =4.27 S.D. 0.79). Consequently eye tracking technology is a great tool to interaction in computer-assisted instruction for Thai students with a disability. x

Panicum repens is a species of grass. The paper has been made from non-wood materials for long times. This research was used Panicum repens for made grass pulp as non-wood fiber. The influence of alkaline concentrations on properties of pulp from Panicum repens was investigated under room temperature. Alkaline concentration levels were varied at 0% 5% 10% 15% and 20% respectively. Moreover Paper pulp from Panicum repens was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). This research has controlled the length of fiber approximately 0.5- 2.5 cm before soaked with alkaline concentration at 1 hour and soak with water for controlled pH value at 7-8. Paper pulp was formed on a sieve. The result showed that color of paper pulp made from Panicum repens was light brown and green. SEM showed that alkaline concentration affects the physical properties of paper pulp. Moreover true density of paper pulp was also investigated in this research.

The purposes of this research were : 1) the satisfaction of the training course of carved flowers and banana leaves and 2) the relationship between personal satisfaction in training courses of carved flowers and banana leaves. The samples the participants enrolled courses and spent about 80 hours in the Vocational Training Center Bangkok 10 300 engines used in the questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency percentage mean standard deviation and the Chi-Square data were analyzed using a computer program. The results showed that: 1) Satisfaction of the participants in the training courses of study and work carved banana flower overall and participants were satisfied. The high level was the first two items in order from most to least find that the side with the highest average was the instructor and They followed by the courses and subjects offered. The resources were for teaching and the average minimum was the educating and the environment. and 2) The relationship between the individual factors of the respondents were satisfied with the training course of carved flowers and banana leaves. The results showed that age education occupation income up to a month. The correlation between the gender status source of admission and choose a date range no relationship. The statistical significance level. 05.

The purpose of this thesis were: 1) to develop skills practice sets with a Macramé plant hanger for students with learning disabilities. 2) to examine the effect of using a Macramé skills practice Kits to make the Macramé plant hanger for students with learning disabilities. The sample group were 3 students with learning disabilities in home economics department Saowabha Vocational College. The instruments used in this research were student behavior observation forms Expert interview and Macramé skills evaluation forms. The findings revealed that: 1) Practice sets for Macramé work with Macramé plant hanger for students with learning disabilities had 2 sets with 8-10 patterns. Which skill training set A consists of Macramé methods handouts and the skill training set B consists of Macramé methods video. 2) The results of the study were the 1st student can be used the both sets. Which they were finished their works in time and had a good quality Macramé work pieces. And the 2nd and 3rd students can be used the skill training set B to be made work pieces with correct pattern more than the skill training set A set.