The objective of this research is to propose a new way to fabricate a composite material for future bone replacement development via growing apatite crystal on silk fibroin fiber. Apatite crystallization on silk fibroin fiber was prepared by precipitation reaction between Ca(NO3)2 solution and (NH4)2HPO4 solution adjusted pH by NH4OH solution. In this work Effect of solution concentration and initial pH values was investigated on apatite crystals. Chicken eggshells were used as calcium source by heating sufficiently powdered eggshells at 1300 °C for 4 h to acquire CaO powders made Ca(NO3)2 solution by dissolving in 65% HNO3 solution. Prepared Ca(NO3)2 solutions were adjusted concentration as 3 levels and were adjusted different pH values of 7 8 and 9 respectively. For processing of apatite crystallization silk fibroin fibers were immersed in Ca(NO3)2 solutions for 30 min. After that (NH4)2HPO4 solutions were added in silk fibroin fibers immersed in Ca(NO3)2 solutions. Reaction time was fixed about 1 min before cleaning to remove impurity precipitates on surface of silk fibroin fiber. Finally apatite crystallization on silk fibroin fibers occurred. The obtained result can conclude morphologies of apatite crystals on silk fibroin fibers was sheets sphere and flower. Solution concentrations and initial pH values directly influenced on Ca/P ratio of obtained apatite crystals by Ca/P ratio increases as increased solution concentrations or increased pH values. Finally research silk fibroin fibers were woven as two patterns of plain weave and twill weave and they were investigated Young’s modulus and tensile strength. The result indicates that Young’s modulus of silk fibroin fiber sheets woven as twill weave and as plain weave were about 616 MPa and 425 Mpa and tensile strengths of them weave were about 40 Mpa and 72 Mpa respectively. The optimum condition of growing apatite crystals on silk fibroin fibers was sample of CP19. Design of silk fibroin fiber with plain weave was an optimum pattern for future biomedical applicaions.

The study used the bark leaves and fruit of Ficus hispida Linn to separation by Maceration and sequential extraction method with hexane ethyl acetate and methanol to crude extracts. Crude extracts were assessed for their antioxidant activities tested using DPPH radical scavenging assay total phenolic contents tested using the Folin–Ciocalteu method cytotoxic activity against oral cavity cancer (KB) human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cancer cell lines tested using the resazurin microplate assay (REMA). The results showed that 1. Crude methanol extracts from the fruit exhibited free radical scavenging effect on the DPPH assay with IC50 value of 27 g/ml with the total phenolic contents value of 102.39 mg GAE/g dw of standard BHT. 2. Crude hexane extracts from the bark showed highest inhibited the growth of Vibrio paraheamolyticus crude ethyl acetate extracts from the bark showed highest inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 27175 and crude methanol extracts from the leaves showed highest inhibited the growth of Vibrio cholerae most with MIC value of 7.80 g/ml. 3. Crude ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from F. Hispida exhibited inhibitory effect against oral cavity cancer (KB) human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. These data support traditional uses of F. Hispida in folk medicine

This research was aimed to studying the effect of bagasse ash on the properties of footpaths concrete slabs. Using bagasse ash a waste from the manufacture of ethanol instead of the OPC type I 10 20 30 40 and 50 percent by weight. Test results revealed that the compressive strength of concrete bagasse ash mixtures was less than the plain OPC type I concrete And decreased by the content of the bagasse ash. The flexure strength of the footpaths concrete slabs was laid in the same direction. Comparison flexure strength of footpaths concrete slabs on the standard (TIS 378-2531) found that can used 40% replacement of bagasse ash replacing in cement. For the percentage of water absorption of footpaths concrete slabs in bagasse ash concrete mixtures were higher than the plain OPC type I concrete mixture and every mixture is not exceeding standard. It was also found that the replacing cement with bagasse ash content increased the cost of footpaths concrete slabs were lower down. When replacing cement with bagasse ash in 40% cheaper than the cost of plain cement were up to 31% and according to the standard

The study of utilizing core pineapple and phufa tea in drinking jelly. The purpose of this study and processing in add fiber from core pineapple wasted and Phufa tea in drinking jelly. The resulfs showed that formulation of carageenan was 10 gram because texture had elastic and softness appropriate. Ratio core pineapple juice : Phufa tea was 60 : 40 percentage had sensibility in color order and flavor for Phufa tea and add fiber from core pineapple was 10 gram because texture had elastic softness and easily suck. The consumer acceptability indicated of target consumer accepted the product. Consumer accepted like very much 41% and interested to buy product 83%. The physical attributes were as follows : L* a* b* value 75.20?0.01 1.31 0.01 28.43 0.02 and respectively Aw = 0.973 0.00 and hardness 5.42 0.45 (N). The chemical analysis of product contained pH = 3.52 0.02 Total soluble solid (TSS) = 15 0.00 (?Brix) and crud fiber content 0.602%. The microorganism (TPC) < 10 cfu/g. and yeast and mold < 10 cfu/g.

The purposes of this research were to study the characteristics attitudes behavior and the needs of foreign tourists towards the hospitality of Chiang Rai people. The result found that most of foreign tourists were male ages 45 married and with Bachelor’s Degree. Their yearly income was upper 45001 US dollars. The objective of traveling was for pleasure. They got tourist information from others media : friends information display boards and tourist agencies. The overall attitudes of foriengner towards the hospitality of Chaing Rai people are at high level : Frendship accommodations migration convenience foods and restaurants safety tour and guide services transportation convenience public utilities and information services respectively. Most of them came to this province for the first time with their families and friends. They were most interested in natural sightseeing. They liked to stay in hotels and guess houses. They tend to come back and will recommend to others about Chiang Rai. They need a good hospitality signs for giving direction in English Officials safety staying in city with good location tourist information displays tourist assistance center officials for taking care of tourists with good skills of foreign languages providers polite speaking and guides are not exploited being honest.