The objective of this work was to study the adsorption efficiency of natural clay and its surface modified with manganese oxide for removal of Pb( II) ion. The adsorption of Pb( II) from aqueous solution onto raw natural clay (NC) and manganese oxide-modified natural clay (MnO-NC) was evaluated based on batch experiment. The adsorption efficiency of MnO-NC onto Pb( II) was investigated as a function of the initial pH of 6 equilibrium time of 30 min adsorbent concentration of 5 g/L and initial concentration of Pb(II) solution in the range of 50- 500 mg/L. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to describe the equilibrium isotherm. It is observed that the data from MnO-NC adsorbents fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MnO-NC were estimated as 38. 76 mg/ g. By comparing with NC the amount of Pb( II) adsorbed onto MnO-NC was more than NC by about 38 times under the optimized adsorption condition. According to Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm the adsorptive mechanism of Pb(II) onto MnO-NC was chemisorption whereas the NC showed the mechanism as physical in nature. The kinetic studies of Pb( II) demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb( II) onto MnO- NC and NC adsorbents followed a pseudo second- order model with a good correlation. The adsorption mechanism was processed via chemical ion exchange between H+ and bonded MnO groups and Pb(II) ions in solution.

Non-destructive test with Acoustic Emission technique was used for monitoring of the corrosion in the above ground oil storage tank. In the analytical characteristics of acoustic emission wave however Acoustic Emission test has to be prior used for the location detection of corrosion especially indication of the severity of corrosion. In this research the relationship between the corrosion rate and the sound wave energy was studied. The corrosion and damage detected on the surface of the aboveground storage tank was determined by the Acoustic Emission Test. Nine pieces of low carbon steel grade SS400 was soaked in sodium chloride solution in simulated tanks at concentrations of 1.5 3.5 and 5.5 wt%. Next the corrosion activity was checked by performing with the Acoustic Emission Testing for 1 hour and thus calculating the corrosion rate of the test specimens. From the experiment it was found that the rate of corrosion affects the Acoustic Emission Energy. The corrosion rate was increased with the concentrations of the solution increasing from the corrosion process. The corrosion rate was also increased with the sound wave power increases. Therefore in order to achieve the corrosion rate and the position of the defects on the inner surface of the tank non-destructive testing with acoustic emission technique can be factually chosen for this specific application.

The fault in a power distribution system disturbs the power dispatch under normal conditions therefore decreases the quality of the electric power. The single line to ground fault is an asymmetric fault that may have a high percentage chance to happen. The kind of fault changes power and voltage dramatically. The size of the phase voltage decreases which affect the economic damage of the system. This paper presents an analysis of grounding systems to reduce voltage drop in a power distribution system by using the technical analysis system in case of one phase to ground fault. The objective is to minimize voltage drop for users using the simulation with single line to ground fault in distribution system voltage level at 22 kV PEA’s test system. The simulation utilizes the EMTDC-PSCAD program. The results show that the grounding method can reduce the voltage drop and reduce the damage of the economic system

The results of this research . The result is a Dan Kwian clay. In the study were formulated clay all 3 formulas contain ingredients such different kaolin borax feldspar and dolomite by using theoretical triangle (Trixial Blend) to find the ingredients and the results obtained in the experiment can make clay . Clay qualification in variety usage such as well forming less wrinkle non-crack strong and colourful as requirement. Every recipe is Dan Kwian is the main ingredient for proper implementation of the Community Dan Kwian. The coating experimental in this research there were 2 glazing formulas burn in the temperature of 1000OC-1050 OC in the gas Kiln and wood kiln and the coating colour experiment with the mixed of oxide and stain by using the Line Blend theory. The colour value random from the experiment resulted which were 2 glazing formulas differed which was beautiful and the differed proper character usage. The study found that Can bring the knowledge and methods of the experiment to use in the production Dan kwian actually. As a further development of the local pottery. To create a new form and add value to the product. Can generate more revenue and resulting in a much stronger community.

The comparison of methodology from and -spectrometry methods has been made for freshwater sediment. The differences of precisions 18% and 15% were found for ? and -ray spectrometry respectively. Results from the analysis of certified reference materials (IAEA-326 327) showed good agreement with recommended values and data available in the literature. Thus an alternative methodology based on alpha/gamma activity ratio was developed and tested using different samples. The method is based on the determination of total -activity (46.53 keV peak associate with Pb-210) and the total -activity present in the aliquot. Differences between methods could be caused by different behaviors of Pb-210 and Po-210 (used for alpha measurement) in the freshwater sediment. In gamma spectrometry errors may arise when many gamma emitters are measured simultaneously and their activity peaks overlap. In alpha spectrometry chemical separation of Po-210 may result in analytical error due to incomplete sample dissolution. Pb-210 activities derived by alpha and gamma methods are shown to agree within counting error. The inherent compatibility of analytical results based on alpha or gamma techniques is established. Nevertheless the choice of an alternate method to determine the freshwater sediment criteria to time comfortable convenient and budget.