This paper presents a study on the strength and porosity of mortars made with binary blends of ordinary Portland cement type I (OPC) sand and ground rice husk ash (RHA) or ground palm oil fuel ash (POA). The mortar mixtures were made with Portland cement Type I containing 0-40% RHA and POA. The water to binder ratio was kept constant at 0.5 and the flow of mortar was maintained at 110 +/- 5% with the aid of superplasticizer (SP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used on materials. Compressive strength and porosity of the mortar were determined. The XRD pattern confirmed that POA and RHA were mainly amorphous silica. The use of RHA and POA produced waste ash with relatively high strength. The porosity of mortar containing RHA and POA decreased with the low replacement level of up to 20% of pozzolanic but increased with the 40% replacement level. RHA and POA have a high potential to be used as a good pozzolanic material in concrete work.

The objective of this research was to find an appropriate mixing ratio of concrete with oil palm to produce concrete masonry units with properties equivalent or better than other conventional masonry materials. By trying out method the best proportion of Portland cement: sand: oil palm ash was found at 1:1:2 by weight. The ratio yielded a lightweight concrete with an average density of 766 kg/m3 and average compressive strength of approximately 90 kg/ cm2 which is higher than the minimum requirement of Thai Industrial Standards (TIS) 58- 2533 (1990) of 75 kg/cm2. Water absorption of this proportion was at an acceptable standard level of 20% by weight. From cost analysis the cost of a wall made with the obtained masonry units was about 100 baht per square meter cheaper than lightweight masonry units sold in the market. However the heat conductivity (K) was similar (0.194 W/mk). Moreover the manufacturing process of these masonry units is simple and can be run as a small local enterprise.

The objective of this research is to develop the precast adobe wall panel with high corrosion resistance and good thermal insulation. The ratio of Portland cement type1 clay rice husk ash straw rice husk waterproofed liquid and tap water was mixed and casted as same as the common concrete and reinforced by bamboo. From the results the proper prototype ratio of precast adobe wall panel was Portland cement type1: clay: rice husk ash: straw: rice husk: waterproofed liquid: tap water which equal to 1: 3: 0.3: 0.02: 0.02: 0.02: 0.4 by weight. The properties of the precast adobe wall panel prototype included density 1797 kg/m3 water absorption 16.70% bending strength 2.61 MPa compressive strength 21.40 MPa thermal conductivity coefficient 0.314 watt/m.Kelvin. Moreover the precast adobe wall panel prototype also was verified by TIS.2226-2548 with properties of impact resistance deflection and hardness in medium duty (MD) level. These straw and rice husk effected the precast adobe wall panel to decrease the density bending strength thermal conductivity coefficient and increase the compressive strength and water absorption.

This research aims to develop the cement board from vesicular basalt fragment. The 5 ratios of Portland cement type1: fine sand: vesicular basalt fragment: sodium silicate: tap water are equal to 1: 2: 0: 0.03: 0.5 1: 2: 2: 0.03: 0.5 1: 2: 4: 0.03: 0.55 1: 2: 6: 0.03: 0.6 and 1 : 2 : 8: 0.03: 0.65 by weight. The cement boards were produced by compression machine. The property tests of cement-bonded fiberboard followed the TIS. 878-1994 standard (cement bonded particle board: high density). From the results 1: 2: 4: 0.03: 0.55 is the most suitable ratio of cement board from coconut shell ash. This developed cement boards can apply the vesicular basalt fragment to use as the construction materials with light-weight high strength good thermal insulation and moisture protection properties

In this study autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC) were investigated as low-cost andsimple adsorbents for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption of Pb(II) wascarried out by batch experiments as a function of solution pH adsorbent dosage contacttime initial Pb(II) concentration and temperature. The experimental data were analyzed bythe Langmuir Freundlich Temkin and D-R isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm modelis more suitable. The monolayer adsorption capacity of ACC was found to be 3.99 mg g−1.The adsorption of Pb(II) onto ACC was physical in nature. The kinetic studies of Pb(II)demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto ACC adsorbents followed a pseudosecond-order model with a good correlation.