Replacement of fertilizer with latex sludge as nutrient sources for oil palm seedlings (3 months) was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of control chemical fertilizer and latex sludge 10 30 50 70 and 90 grams per kilogram soil. The result showed that applying with latex sludge 10 and 30 grams per kilogram soil increased plant nutrients such as phosphorus potassium and magnesium significantly (p <≤ 0.05). While the growth of pre-nursery oil palm including number of leaves leaf width and length stem girth and height are the same as applied with chemical fertilizer. But using latex sludge over 30 grams per kilogram soil have an effect on oil palm seedlings by reducing growth. So in conclusion Latex sludge at the rate of 10-30 grams per kilograms soil can be replaced fertilizers as nutrient sources for pre-nursery oil palm seedlings

Gypsum is a substance derived from nature and some synthesis. Its structure consists of calcium ion (Ca2+) sulphate ion (SO4 2-) and molecules of H2O. Its formula is CaSO4.2H2O. From this structure gypsum is used in agriculture as soil conditioners especially acid soil and saline soil. The calcium ion will replace aluminium ion (Al3+) in acid soil and sodium ion (Na+) in saline soil. It is effective to reduce acidity salinity compaction in soil and increase friable condition which is suitable for agriculture. Moreover calcium and sulphur are the secondary nutrients for plants. Therefore the application of gypsum as soil conditioners will reduce soil deterioration increase agricultural profits conserve of soil relieve problem of agricultural areas and maintain our agricultural sustainability

In general for the refrigeration the cooling coil is almost used to be the device to decrease the temperature. Thus in order to design heat exchange we should study the heat transfer into the cooling coil. This research proposes the numerical using finite element method for calculating the temperature at any position of the cooling point for considering to porous media. After that to create an algebraic equation fmite element for writing the program to search the solution by estimating the temperature. The research demonstrates that the changing of temperature will be decreased to saturated condition that is the temperature around the region of the cooling coil model edge will be decreased. The longer time the lower temperature around each position will decrease respectively until the temperature at each position inside the model are the same as region of the cooling coil model edge. Therefore this search result can be the basic for the comparison with the similar problem of other

This project was to study the properties of basement soil which used portland cement laterite soil and slag as the main ingredients and to investigate its appropriate ration to be used for pavement improvement. By using 95% of laterite by weight and 5% of the mixed Portland cement and slag by weight the amount of portland cement to that of slag at 5% : 0% 3.5% : 1.5% 2.5% : 2.5% 1.5% : 3.5% and 0% : 5% by weight were mixed together. Then the derived mixture was put together with the laterite which was the major material. The study showed that the ration at 3.5% of portland cement and 1.5% slag to the laterite at 95% provided the best basement soil in quality. At this ration it saved the cement content used as well. At this ration it gave soil cement higher plasticity. Its CBR is high as well. Moreover it provided the standard unconfined compressive strength according to that defined by The Department of Highway of Thailand.

The technology development has been continuing to solve the cost problem aiming to reduce work time to streamline the existing machines to be more efficient and productive including designing the devices to replace human labor. In present paper the author has an idea to develop and transform the old press machine which has faced the issues of the deteriorated helix core bunt motor when overloaded less productivity to hydraulic cylinder. This paper examined the development of the coconut oil pressing machine from old model to hydraulic cylinder system. In operating principles the developed machine uses the motor pumping the hydraulic oil into hydraulic pump the oil fuel was restricted by hydraulic pump to increase the pressure transmitted to the solenoid valve which is responsible for changing the direction of the oil flow resulting that the cylinder moves up and down under the control system. The cylinder presses the coconut pulp The study of the development of coconut oil press machine was initiated by drying the 3 kg coconut pulp in the sun to obtain the 0.2038 kg (or 160 ml) coconut oil. In this study the hydraulic cylinder presses 3 kg dried coconut pulp into 1.1858 kg (or 946 ml) coconut oil or accounted for 83.08% as compared the old machine. The payback period is within 29 days.