Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) technology has increasingly been adopted for use within integrated circuits thanks to its superior electrical integrity and scalability. However a steady increase in vulnerability of FinFET circuits to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has recently become one of the major lifetime reliability problems. In this paper we propose a simulation framework to address NBTI in combinational circuits implemented with 14-nm tri-gate FinFET predictive technology. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to construct an accurate long-term NBTI degradation model from cycle-by-cycle data history. The proposed simulation methodology provides accurate results with high efficacy in computation time compared to reference models. From the proposed framework the average delay degradation for all experimental circuits under normal operation after 10-year NBTI stress is approximately 6% yet temperature variation in the circuit strongly influences NBTI degradation.

For modern processors two reliability issues namely increased leakage power and soft error rate continue to intensify as device technologies scale down to nanometers. While many researchers have proposed methods to efficiently control leakage power by tuning body bias few recent works have considered the quantitative negative impact of this technique on circuit soft error vulnerability. In this paper we introduce a novel body bias based approach for reliability improvement that correlates leakage reduction and soft error immunity degradation. The experimental results show that the proposed technique provides satisfactory leakage reduction with confined soft error degradation in 32 nm high-k/metal gate benchmark circuits.

The purpose of this study was to produce catfish Som-fug for compare some characteristics between and three commercial brands of Som-fug (brand A B and C) which produced from other fresh water fish as a guide to develop Som-fug from catfish. For physical properties catfish Som-fug were 3.54±0.20 cm (width) 6.38±0.25 cm (length) 1.34±0.10 cm (height) and 2.50±1.4 g (weight) which is similar to that of brand C. Color analysis of un-fried catfish Som-fug showed light color that L* was 70.78±0.13 a* and b* were 5.06±0.53 and 11.50±0.31 respectively. Hue value was 74.42±0.25 value and chroma were 6.84±0.39 and 16.20±0.11 respectively. Som-fug from different brands were different in term of texture. The gumminess and chewiness values were significantly higher in brand B (p≤0.05) whereas the hardness and springiness did not differ significantly among the four different brands (p>0.05). For physio-chemical properties Som-fug produced from catfish had 1.70 % total acidity pH value was 4.50 and moisture content was 70.28% which was not different from that of brand B. However aw value did not differ among all of the Som-fug (p>0.05). The microbiological quality of the four Som-fug products analyses revealed the presence of Salmonella spp. Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli and mold count not more than standard (Thai Community Product Standard 471/2555) except brand B and C mold count was more than 100 CFU/g. For Sensory evaluation no differences in color flavor and taste were observed between catfish Som-fug brand A and brand B (p>0.05). Whereas catfish Som-fug gained the highest score in texture attribute which no differ from brand C (p>0.05).

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for optimization of radial distribution systems by a feeder reconfiguration to balance feeder loads and eliminate overload conditions. The system load-balancing index is used to determine the loading conditions of the system and maximum system loading capacity. The index value has to be minimum in the optimal feeder reconfiguration of load balancing. A method based on Tabu search algorithm The Tabu search algorithm is employed to search for the optimal feeder reconfiguration. Simulation results for a radial 69-bus system with reconfiguration and capacitors placement. The study results show that the distribution system with capacitor placement and optimal on/off patterns of the switches feeders reconfiguration can be load balancing in distribution systems.

The purposes of this research were to investigate the level of organizational justice perception and employee engagement and the influence of organizational justice perception and employee engagement at a real estate company. The sample consisted of 175 real estate company employees from 10 departments. The tool used in the study was a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by a computer software program to calculate the percentage mean standard deviation One-way ANOVA and simple regression analysis. The study indicated that the majority of respondents were females with the age between 20and 30 years old with bachelor degrees and a maximum of one to five years of work tenure. The analysis of the justice perception and employee engagement levels revealed that the relationship between individuals in the organization was at a high level; however the aspects regarding incomes work process information perception and engagement were at moderate levels. The analysis of hypothesis based on personal factors demonstrated that gender age status education level working age had different levels of justice perception at the statistical significance at 0.05as follows. 1. Employees with different genders had dissimilar justice perception which resulted in the overall organizational engagement in terms of information perception and engagement 2. Employees with different ages had dissimilar justice perception which resulted in the overall organizational engagement in terms of incomes work process and information perception. 3. Employees with different status had dissimilar justice perception which resulted in the overall organizational engagement in terms of incomes work process and information perception. 4. Employees with different levels of education had dissimilar justice perception which resulted in the overall organizational engagement in terms of personal relationship and incomes. 5. Employees with different levels of education had dissimilar justice perception which resulted in the overall organizational engagement in terms of incomes and work process.