The purposes of this research were to assess the combined phytotoxicity of glyphosate and carbendazim which were normally used as herbicide and fungicide contaminated in soil as 100 – 1000 mg/kg on seedling growth of ridge gourd. Both of glyphosate and carbendazim were toxic to shoot and root growth of ridge gourd seedlings. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) on shoot length root length root fresh weight and shoot dried weight of ridge gourd seedlings for glyphosate were 669.4 413.0 574.5 and 241.4 mg/kg respectively whereas for carbendazim were >1000 357.8 >1000 and 71.4 mg/kg respectively. Co-contamination between glyphosate and carbendazim seemed to be antagonistic effect. Both of glyphosate and carbendazim at all concentration were not toxic to chlorophyll content in cotyledon of ridge gourd seedlings.

The potential of extracts of the Ficus hispida Linn to inhibit germination and growth of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) a common weed in rice. The bark leaves and fruit of F. hispida isolated by the Maceration and extracted by the polarity of the solvent (Sequential Extraction) with organic solvents such as hexane ethyl acetate and methanol when each part of the crude extract was tested the type of phytochemical tested for germinate inhibition root length inhibition stem length inhibition and dry weight inhibition of barnyardgrass and selected extracts with highest inhibition to separation using column chromatography the fractions tested repeating. The results showed that 1. Crude methanolic extracts from the bark leaves and fruit of barnyardgrass at a concentration of 3000 ppm showed highest inhibited percentage of germinate inhibition root length inhibition stem length inhibition and dry weight inhibition. 2. Fractions methanolic extracts from the bark leaves and fruit of barnyardgrass on a separate with column chromatography found that fractions extracts F5 F8 and F2 showed highest inhibited percentage of germinate inhibition root length inhibition stem length inhibition and dry weight inhibition.

Recent explorations of Podostemaceae have discovered 2 new species to science (Dalzellia TWA-216 และ Hydrobryum TWA-198) from Phitsanulok Province and 3 more genera and six more species from previously known (2 genera and 4 species). Totally five genera and 10 species occur in Phitsanulok and Phetchabun provinces. Based on morphological and molecular evidence the taxa are classified into subfamily Tristichoideae including 2 genera and 3 species (Dalzellia 2 spp. and Terniopsis 1 sp.) and subfamily Podostemoideae consisting 3 genera and 7 species (Hanseniella 1 sp. Hydrobryum 5 spp. and Thawatchaia 1 sp.). The species found in both provinces are Hy. phetchabunense and Hy. tardhuangense while D. kailarsenii is found only in Phetchabun. The plants discovered only in Phitsanulok include Dalzellia TWA-216 Hydrobryum TWA-198 Han. heterophylla Hy. bifoliatum Hy. kaengsophense Th. trilobata and T. minor. Among the species found Hy. tardhuangense and Th. trilobata are also distributed to the Lao PDR and the rests are endemic to Thailand.

The aim of this research is to study white and colour resist printing of dye extracted from dry nipa palm shell. The printing recipes and fixation condition were studied in this work. The result of white resist printing showed that 30 % owp of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was used to be a resisting agent. The steam fixation for 15 minutes was suitable to show a good white resist printing in whiteness and sharpness of printing pattern. The whiteness value was 35.05. The washing and rubbing fastness were good to very good and light fastness was fair. The tensile strengths of warp and weft directions were decreased to 10.29 % and 4.25 % respectively. The colour resist printing was using Curcuma longa Linn. powder as illuminant dye. The dye was miscible in 30 % owp of sodium carbonate. The colour resist printing results were corresponding as white resist printing results. The 15 minute of steam fixation showed a good colour resist printing. The Curcuma longa Linn dye could be fixed on silk fabric and showed a good colour strength and sharpness of pattern. The washing and rubbing fastness were good to very good. And light fastness was fair. The tensile strengths of warp and weft directions were decreased to 18.37 % and 4.18 % respectively.