The development of dried water chestnuts is aimed to study the appropriate concentration of calcium chloride for preparation of water chestnuts before drying process; a proper duration for drying process by using hot air oven; the comparison of drying processes between solar dried-oven and hot air oven; and the use of dried water chestnuts for Thai dessert products. The research result can be summarized that the concentration of calcium chloride solution is 0.25% that yield the best quality for water chestnuts which had 0.63 water activity (aw); 3.47 moisture content color value of (L*) 62.38 (a*) 4.82 (b*) 35.66; and 0.79 specific density. It also yields the best quality to rehydrate water chestnuts comparing to their previous condition. A proper drying duration of water chestnuts soaking in 0.25% calcium chloride by using solar dried-oven at different duration of drying. Dried water chestnuts dried at 9 hours and average dehydration temperature 50-55 Celsius had 0.31 water activity (aw); and color value of dried water chestnuts is of bright red with (L*) 80.14. Also the brightness of rehydrated water chestnuts decreased to (L*) 58.30 and firmness (Newton) to 68.70. By using hot air oven the study of a proper duration of soaking water chestnuts in 0.25% calcium chloride indicated that drying for 3.5 hours of drying time water chestnuts had highest moisture content while drying for 4.5 hours had the least moisture content. Therefore decreasing of moisture content depends on the drying duration with different methods. The study also found that dried water chestnuts using solar dried-oven had less water activity (aw) and moisture content than those using hot air oven. Moreover dried water chestnuts from solar dried-oven had brightness value (L*) less than those from hot air oven; but dried water chestnuts from solar dried-oven had more reddish yellow than those from hot air oven. Also there is similarity of specific density of water chestnuts from both drying methods. For rehydration of water chestnuts color values of these 2 methods are similar. However color which is similar to fresh water chestnuts is resulted by drying water chestnuts with hot air oven; and the brightness (L*) of water chestnuts texture increases. Also value of (a*) and (b*) of water chestnuts from hot air oven are more reddish yellow. Meanwhile firmness (Newton) from drying with hot air oven is able to maintain strength or firmness of water chestnuts. Percentages of water chestnuts absorption are similar between two drying methods. The sensory test of Thai pudding using dried water chestnuts indicated that there is no statistically significant at 95% level of average scores in the terms of color smell taste dried texture and overall acceptance. The result of microbial analysis from dried water chestnuts found that there is no microorganism. In addition the result of raw material cost calculation showed that drying 1 kilogram of fresh water chestnuts yielded 108 grams of dried water chestnuts. The total cost of production is 48.43 Baht per kilogram.

This research aims to study the application of kaolin with coconut meal plywood from corncobs and durian peel in concrete masonry unit wall for increasing effective heat protection and lightweight. The ratio of cement type 1: kaolin is equal to 1: 60 by weight. The kaolin is replaced by fiber include coconut meal fiber corn cob fiber durian peel fiber with 1.67% 3.33% and 5% by weight of kaolin. The kaolin concrete block mixed with fiber sample size is formed to 6.9 x 39 x 19 centimeter with the hydraulic compactor. The samples tested in physical and mechanical properties follow the TIS 58-2533 standard. Resulting their fibers can reduce the density thermal conductivity and compressive strength and increase the changing length and water absorption of kaolin concrete blocks. The kaolin concrete block without fiber has highest compressive strength followed by the kaolin concrete block mixed with corn cob fiber the kaolin concrete block mixed with coconut meal fiber and the kaolin concrete block mixed with durian peel fiber has lowest compressive strength respectively. However their fibers have possibility to be composite materials to reduce weight of kaolin concrete blocks.

This research aims to study the application of coconut meal corn cob and durian peel as wood-substituted biocomposites in medium density fiberboard. The fiber: urea formaldehyde glue: isocyanate glue with polymeric diphenymethane diisocyanate type (pMDI) ratio is equal to 1: 0.13: 0.003. The fibers are taken from coconut meal corn cob and durian peel that 7 ratios are used to all of fiber mixing. The fiberboard production use 130°C of temperature with 20 – 50 kg/sq.cm of compressive pressure with 8 minutes per piece of rate. Their fiberboards have 603 – 856 kg/m of density that was tested follow the TIS 876-2547 standard. Resulting the MM33 ratio (coconut meal fibers: corn cob fibers: durian peel fibers is equal to 0.33: 0.33: 0.33) and the CC50 ratio (coconut meal fibers: corn cob fibers: durian peel fibers is equal to 0.50: 0.25: 0.25) can pass the standard in physical properties and mechanical properties. Moreover their fiberboards have good thermal insulation.

Research aims to bring the waste. The cashew nut shell the odor removal products. To reduce the use of chemicals. And reduce waste agricultural waste and Community Research finds that The cashew nut shell. When buming the charcoal. The moisture content is 5. 26 % with charcoal to absorb odors as well. The carbon shell of cashew nuts are finely ground can absorb it very well the pH of the solution averaged 8.17 ability to absorb the smell of charcoal bark seeds cashew nuts in a container that is stale take 3-5 days to product. Absorbs odors welL Vase Grapes on the product used the time to absorb the smell more than 5 days and less ability to absorb odors. The shell is made from cashew nut products odor removal is a method that can reduce the use of chemicals to eliminate any odor and reduce global warming and the other one.

The research in the aim for useless material from cashew nut shell produce are heating energy briquettes to use recompense energy fine wood and charcoal from natural. By the flour paste is join together pass procedure heating briquettes with hand press implement. It is cashew nut shell can make to burn with earthen stove high temperature stove and steel stove from cashew nut shell are still shape and have bring into fine crush machine receive dust charcoal. It is mixed dust charcoal with flour in ratio 5:1 (by melt flour into hot water one liter until flour paste) mixed and bring into heating briquettes with hand press implement receive heating energy briquettes are no broken. When we bring expose to the sun until dried. After that to test efficiency of heating energy to see that cashew nut shell can to produce are heating energy briquettes. It use heating energy in home family in community replace to use from fire wood and charcoal from natural and heating energy briquettes from cashew nut shell can to use a make cooking well no broken fire well and height heater. It is suitable to produce heating energy for to use home family communities or commercial production and industries are use heating energy from fire wood and charcoal.