The objective of this research was to determine the optimal ratio of beetroot pulp to produce American muffin. The experimental arrangement in CRD was used to study the effect of ratio of beetroot pulp at 0 % 5% 10% and 15% of total weight on the quality of product. As beetroot pulp increase L* and b* of sample decreased were observed (p<0.05) while beetroot pulp decrease a* of sample increased were observed (p<0.05). For textural properties higher in beetroot pulp added showed notably decreased in hardness and cohesiveness (p<0.05) and increased in springiness (p<0.05). At 10% of beetroot pulp to produce American muffin by 9-point hedonic composed of 26.66 % moisture 24.63 % protein 11.43 % lipid 1.40 % ash 0.92 % crude fiber 1.34 % insoluble dietary fiber and 55.88 % total carbohydrate 344.91 Kcal. of total energy 102.87 Kcal. of energy from fat and increase of anthocyanin 0.37 %.

The colors improvement; lightness (L*) redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) in red swordtail fish by betalain (BTL) extracted from dragon fruit peel were evaluated. The fish were feed by commercial dietary pellet which spray with BTL; 0 40 and 60 milligrams/kilogram. After 8 weeks the average of L* a* and b* values of every treatment were not statistical significant (p>0.05) those might be cause from spirulina sp. added in commercial feed. The treatments were feed by 40 and 60 milligram/kilogram showed higher tendency of average L* a* and b* than 0 milligram/kilogram. The growth rate of every treatment were not statistical significant (p>0.05) and the survival rate of BTL intake groups were higher than without BTL. So BTL were not growth inhibit substance. In the other hands BTL might be the natural immune stimulation substance.

The optimum conditions of extracting pectin from vegetables and fruits are apples grapefruit lemons and bananas were studied. It was found that pectin from grapefruit peel gave good physical property white and has a relatively highest yield. Therefore in this study was interested to choose grapefruit peel as raw materials to optimum the conditions of pectin extraction. In the process of pectin extraction the temperatures of the extraction were studied at various 50 60 70 80 and 90 ?C by using hydrochloric acid for 24 hours. It was found that when the temperature increased the pectin extract was increased while at 80 and 90 ?C have a similar effect. After that pH conditions of the extraction were studied by various acids such as hydrochloric acid nitric acid and acetic acid at the same concentration of 1.0 molar at 80 C for 24 hours (1440 minutes). The results found that hydrochloric acid gave maximum pectin extracted yield. Finally the extraction times were studied at 30 60 90 120 and 1440 minutes using 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. From this work can optimized the pectin extraction condition as of 80 C and the extraction time was 90 minutes that gave maximum yield of pectin. At the otherwise the times of extraction have no effect to the amount of pectin. The potential from this study had satisfactory results can be used to improve the extraction of pectin system.

The objectives of this research were to create and assess the teaching of Phra Dabos disciples’ training course on satellite dish installation by comparing between the pre-learning and post-learning achievement and evaluating Phra Dabos Disciples’ satisfaction. The sample of this study was 15 Electronic Phra Dabos Disciples’ students Phra Dabos School enrolling in Satellite Dish Installation course in the semester 1/2013. Achievement test and satisfaction questionnaires were used to collect the data. Paired t-test means standard deviation and percentage were employed to analyze the data. Reliability difficulty and discrimination of the test were investigated. As for training course creation the instructional method of De Cecco’s concept was used and adapted in this research study. After training it was found that Phra Dabos Disciples’ students gained higher post-learning achievement scores than those of the pre-learning at the statistically significant level at 0.05. The assessment of the Phra Dabos Disciples’ satisfaction toward training course showed that the Phra Dabos Disciples’ students were overall highly satisfied with the course.

A small plasma system using microwave oven was developed for the application of surface modification and cleaning in thin films research. The microwave oven with 800-Watt power generates 2.45-GHz frequency. The vacuum chamber was inserted into the microwave oven from the top of oven wall and it was evacuated by a rotary pump to less than 7 x 10-3 Torr. This system can generate argon and oxygen plasma at a pressure of 0.2 – 3.0 Torr. This small plasma system was applied to clean a surface of microscope glass slide using argon and oxygen plasma. To reveal the effects of argon and oxygen plasma on material surface the glass slide was measured by contact angle tensiometer. The results show that the contact angle between a water droplet and glass surface decreases with increasing the exposure time. This result indicates that the cleanness of material surface was improved by using the small plasma system.