The attempt to fabricate gold films on glass slide (Au/glass) and silicon wafer (Au/Si) with gold leaf was unsuccessful due to poor adhesion between the gold leaf and substrates. Alternatively Au/glass and Au/Si films were fabricated by placing the substrate into the free space within sputtering chamber to collect the access Au vapor during the typical sputtering process for other samples. In this study the physical changes were observed in both Au/glass and Au/Si film under the film annealing from 300⁰C-700⁰C. The visual inspection via cell phone camera the micrograph via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the morphological changes with respect the annealing temperature in Au films due to solid state dewetting mechanism. The changes were more pronounce in Au/glass films than Au/Si films at the same annealing temperature. The X-ray diffraction measurement three phases of Au including Au(111) Au(200) and Au(220) in Au/glass films and one phase of Au(111) in Au/silicon films. The concentration and single crystallinity of Au(111) were increased with respect to annealing temperature in Au/glass film. For Au/Si films the concentration and single crystallinity of Au(111) were decreased at 300⁰C and then were increased at 700⁰C respectively. The physical changes of Au films are likely due to the movement of Au atoms via solid state dewetting and recrystallization. The heat intake from annealing process is likely induced the dewetting process by increasing the kinetic energy of Au atoms. While the recrystallization process is likely occur during the cooling period of the samples. Finally another factor that can affects the physical changes of Au films is the interface interaction between Au films and substrates.

This research is a qualitative research. Considering the situation of the elderly in Thailand B.E. 2016 and the study of the context of the community with a tendency to increase the proportion of the elderly population together with the problems and obstacles that there are still needs to participate in recreational activities. In this regard there were 38 key informants chosen by a purposive sampling method for each target group. The selected informants consisted of 30 elderly people between 60-69 years old 2 neighbors 2 community leaders 2 family members and 2 government officials. Due to the outbreak situation of COVID-19 the target group has to be adjusted accordingly. There were only 10 elderly people who were willing to be interviewed by phone. These informants are those who resides in Nang Loeng community Phra Nakhon District and Pom Prap Sattru Phai District Bangkok. The data was therefore collected by telephone interviews. It was found that the elderly’s highest average needs for recreational activities were the top 3 categories accordingly as follows: 1.the category of games sports and play 2. dance and 3. singing and music. The results of the research also showed a clear nature of the activities; that is these three types of recreational activities involved body movement fun activities and those that demonstrated their abilities and skills. It can be seen that these three types of recreational activities involved physical movement as the main component of exercise and dancing as well as gestures and posture while singing or playing music. This helps promote physical health mental health and a good quality of life for the elderly. The result also showed that the activities that the elderly most frequently participated in during the recent period were games sports and plays followed by singing and music and dance. The problems found from participating in recreational activities among the elderly was the insufficiency of equipment and facilities followed by the problem of inappropriate places for participating in recreational activities and the problem of inappropriate activity period. (too little or too much time).

This research aimed to study the foreign tourists’ behaviors toward religious tourism and study the guidelines for the development of religious tourism at Chiang Mai Municipality Chiang Mai Province. The sample group used in this study was foreign tourists visited religious tourist attractions in Chiang Mai Municipality. The instrument used in this research was a questionnaire. The majority of respondents were Asian female age 36-45 years old who held a bachelors degree and work in general labor/ private. Learning was the main purpose of traveling. Tourists traveled with friends using motorcycles and bicycles and they were interested in Wat Phra Singh. The social media as Facebook Instagram and YouTube are the source of information. Tourists traveled during holidays - public holidays and spent time doing activities between 1-2 hours. The expenses during the trip were about 10001 - 20000 baht. They stayed at hotels resorts and they had experienced traveling in Chiang Mai Municipality 2-3 times. The overall opinion of the guidelines for religious tourism development in Chiang Mai Municipality was found in a high level. The mean was 3.75 and the standard deviation was 0.54. The guidelines for the development of health hygiene and safety was the highest point followed by transportation tourism promotion Ancient sites and antiquities Facilities and religious tourism activities respectively.

Development of handicraft products from vetiver leaves have a purpose 1) to study the original products of manufacturers of vetiver handicraft products Huai Khayeng Subdistrict Thong Pha Phum District Kanchanaburi Province 2) to study the development process of vetiver leaf products to be beautiful and suitable for the needs of the market by the cooperation of the people in the vetiver grass product group Huai Khayeng Subdistrict Thong Pha Phum District Kanchanaburi Province to be a model for creating and processing vetiver products Mixing other plant fibers to build a stronger community the sample group consisted of people in Huai Khayeng sub-district. Thong Pha Phum District Kanchanaburi Province 155 people were randomly sampled from Krejcie & Morgans ready-made tables. Inquire to obtain the needs of consumers and meet the needs of the market. then evaluate the product model by village sages who participated in the processing of community products 3 people 3 design experts to assess the suitability of the model in the application of the product. Then the prototype has been created. Evaluate the level of consumer opinion towards handicraft products from vetiver leaves water hyacinth leaves locally grown plants and vetiver fibers. to get modern beautiful products Can be clearly designed to conduct research as a qualitative and quantitative research in parallel using questionnaires and interviews. satisfaction assessment form as a research tool to collect information considering suitability from experts and satisfaction from the audience. The data were analyzed using mean percentage and standard deviation (SD). The results of the research were as follows: 1) Community people and community leaders have opinions on the old products that are not up to date and that there is a need for vetiver fiber products. hyacinth fiber blender fibers to be developed into products made from vetiver leaves the most followed by womens bags and hats and so on respectively. 2) The results of the analysis of the design process and product development process different product forms that has been designed and developed by using the production methods such as knitting wrapping weaving twisting and binding there is no vetiver fiber weaving method yet. There is only the weaving of Karen cotton. that makes it suitable for use suitable for materials and production methods. It is beautiful and unique pattern at a high level and the results of the analysis of the level of public opinion in the community towards handicraft products made from vetiver leaves and blended with other fibers were appropriate. The physical utility is appropriate. User were satisfied at a high level followed by the beauty of shape and details can express modern. have suggestions want products that are up-to-date different from locally available products and need experts speakers come to train and fund to create sustainable products. can build a career Continuously generate income for the community forever.

The study aims to examine the language use by Chinese students studying in the Department of Applied Thai Faculty of Liberal Arts Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon. The Participants were 10 Chinese tertiary students in a two-year-transfer program from Applied Thai Faculty of Arts Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon. The research instrument used in this study was Thai writing test. The collected data were analyzed by using qualitative approach. Textual analysis and thematic categorization were used to identify the results into four categories: grammatical errors (accuracy and acceptance) theme of story-telling organizational communication and others to describe Thai language used by Chinese students. The results of the study obtained from these Chinese students studying in Applied Thai Faculty of Liberal Arts Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon can be summarized as follows: 1. Grammatical errors (Accuracy and acceptance) concerns twekve sub-categories: (1) using words incorrectly according to the context and the meaning of each sentence (2) misused conjunction (3) writing long sentence without space (4) using words irrelevant in the clause or main clause (5) misspelling (6) using double negators (7) using several ๆ (repetition symbol for one word (8) No indenting content when opening new topic (9) using punctuations wrong (10) degree of words used were not equal (11) wrong sentence organization and (12) incomprehensible word usage. 2. Theme of storytelling: These participants had positive attitudes in story-telling by providing their impression on each point such as their impression on Thai culture Thai human relations appreciation for Buddhism’s faith scenery and atmosphere rules and etiquettes hotel and travel industries Thai foods Thai education as well as the beauty of Thai language. 3. Organizational Communication can be divided into three sub-categories: (1) using bullet points or number to introduce new ideas but the content was relevant to the same topic (2) Using narrative writing to describe story and (3) Using spoken language in narrative writing. 4. Others included eight characteristics as shown in the following: (1) Using verb “มี” (to have) at the start to the sentence instead of using noun or pronouns. (2) High frequency of “ที่” (relative pronoun) to modify clauses in several sentences (3) Using auxiliaries verbs to show hesitant for example “แทบไม่ (hardly) “ไม่ค่อยดี (not quite well) “เกือบ” (almost) and “ค่อนข้างดี” (quite well) (5) Using English word while writing in Thai (6) Using ellipsis point (….) at the end of the sentence (7) Using words to describe characteristics and (8) Arranging sentences by using Google Translate.