The purpose of this research is to study on variables affecting fuel injection performance of biodiesel fuel injection and pyrolysis fuel. To test for variables affecting the fuel injection performance of biodiesel fuel injectors and pyrolysis fuel. By experimenting and modeling using computer programs to compare results. Finally for to use the information in the design of the car nozzle to work well with Biodiesel and pyrolysis fuel. The tested fuels which are pyrolysis fuel Bio-diesel fuel and diesel fuel are tested by tester Anton Paar@ Stabinger Viscosmeter (model SVM 3000/G2) ASTM D341 standard. The result shown that the density of the fuel is increasing normally. However the viscosity of the diesel and biodiesel are strong increased whereas the reducing of temperature is unaffected to the pyrolysis fuel. The fuel injection performance test showed that the density and viscosity of fuel were the major variables that affected the injection performance of the fuel. In case of using pyrolysis oil Injection performance is trend to higher other fuels and cold conditions.

The objective is to produce the biomass pellet fuel from coffee silverskin and spent of coffee grounds. To study the percentage of cassava powder as binder was mixed at 5 10 15 and 20% by weight and the best condition was chosen. Then to study the ratio of coffee silverskin and spent of coffee grounds was 5 ratios (100 : 0 75 : 25 50 : 50 25 : 75 and 0 : 100) on propertied of biomass pellet fuel. Characteristics and properties of raw materials and biomass pellet fuel were analyzed. The results found that the highest property of the biomass pellet fuel was 20% of cassava powder as binder. The biomass pellet from spent coffee grounds as main component was higher quality than coffee silverskin. The biomass pellet from spent coffee grounds was the maximum fuel property. The bulk density was 0.9699 􀁳 0.0045 g/ cubic cm shatter index was 92.6510 ± 0.2102% heating value was 17.2772 ± 0.0319 MJ/kg and heat utilization efficiency was 16.59 ± 0.02%. The results from the part of coffee silverskin and spent of coffee grounds ratio showed that the best ratio from 2 raw materials was 25 : 75 that gave the highest quality. The heating value was 17.1544 ± 0.017 MJ/kg and heat utilization efficiency was 16.48 ± 0.01%. In addition the study also discovered that the biomass pellet had moisture contents in the levels acceptable under biomass standards. Thus in summary the coffee silverskin and spent coffee grounds had physical property and fuel property according to the standardization to be made into biomass pellet fuel. It considered to be one of alternative fuels in country permanently.

The aim of this project is to study the fuel consumption from the effect of tire pressure and tray volume. In order to tire pressure is consist of 2 conditions by: Road test and Roller test Bench. Their test is classified by 3 cases: standard tire pressure lower standard tire pressure and upper standard tire pressure. Furthermore the lower and upper standard tire pressure was compared with standard tire pressure. In case of seal and unseal of the tray volume was test with 2 postulates by Road test and water tunnel (model). The results of experiment with 3 cases of tire pressure found that the lower standard tire pressure (25/37 psi) given to the maximum fuel consumption when compare with standard tire pressure 4.6%. While the minimum fuel consumption is upper standard tire pressure (33/45 psi) or 1.29%. Furthermore the trend of those conditions was in the same direction. For the result of test in term of seal and unseal of the tray volume discovered to the fuel consumption in case of seal is lower than unseal of the tray volume 1.63%. And the result of test of the water tunnel has been the same direction with the Road test.

Presently the rail transit system plays a major role in the commercial world that they currently use diesel engine not only causing to a lot of fuel consumption but also generating numerously pollution. Therefore this project aims to study the break-even point of investment under comparison of brake specific fuel consumption and pollution of locomotive engines. By experimental works there are 3 types of locomotive engine: Pielstick M.T.U. and Caterpillar which are the difference of the combustion chamber and the fuel injection systems. The simulation load on the static tests (Dynamometer) was used following the regulation characteristic curve which is standard of State Railway of Thailand. As a result of testing the engine using common rail type of fuel injection system M.T.U. was the lowest brake specific fuel consumption at all of engine by the average of all engine speed 206 g/kW-h of brake specific fuel consumption. It is lower than Caterpillar (Semi common rail with direct injection) which is 314 g/kW-h equivalent 34.39 % while Pielstick engine a mechanism fuel injection system is 389 g/kW-h equivalent 47.04 % For pollution area there are Hydrocarbon (HC) Nitrogen Oxide (NOX) and black smut. The engine with direct injection system relieved the previous substance less than the pre-combustion engine. Moreover the compound of carbon monoxide (CO) was found that the pre-combustion engine (Pielstick) discharged carbon monoxide (CO) less than the direct injection engine (Caterpillar) whereas the common rail engine emancipated same substan cenear by with the pre-combustion engine (Pielstick). However the new technology of the engines is high maintenance costs. Therefore a number of applications have to be needed to make a quantitative value for the investment.

Nowadays the fuel energy is consumed more than it was used in the past and most of energy used comes from petroleum which is not reuseable. Morever the crude oil which is raw material to be refmed is likely to take place in nature; it usually takes a long time. Therefore this natural resource must be used efficiently to maximize its benefits. Contructing Econo Power Car will be one ofmany methods to decrease the energy consumption. The Econo Power Car was designed to be water drop in order to reduce the wind resistance. The body was designed to cover all parts in order to decrease the circulation of air and the lightweight aluminium alloys were the materials to use. Besides the engine was improved to increase the complete combustion by adding 2 more spark plugs and an inlet valve rocker arm slide was installed to reduce the energy consumption ofthe engine while it was turn off. The test to fmd out the economy rate was done by collecting data based on the theory from the Automotive Engineering. The crucial factors affecting the economical fuel consumption was frictions which were friction of the road and friction of the air. Therefore the design to be water drop-shaped with closed cover was done to reduce friction and the wheels were adjusted everytime before competition. The results revealed that it archieves the goal. From the 7th Honda Econo Power it could save energy at the rate 543.018 km per litre at the speed 25 km per hours.