This study was undertaken to determine effect of bio-extract fermented from pig placenta and effect of wood vinegar solutions on seed germination percentage and speed of germination of 2 rice cultivars Chai Nat 1 and Sang Yod Phattalung. The experiment was conducted in factorial in completely randomized design with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor was ratios of the solutions to water and the second was duration for seed incubation. The results demonstrated that wood vinegar showed more positive effect on rice seed germination performances than that of bio-extract. Speed of germination was affected by an inter-action between the dilutions of the solutions and the duration for seed incubation. In Chai nat 1 experiment the seed soaked in 20 times dilution of bio-extract and subsequently incubated for 24 hrs increased speed of germination of the seed. While soaking the seed in 400 times dilution of wood vinegar and incubated for 24 hrs could enhance both percentage and speed of the seed germination. In Sang Yod Phattalung experiment soaking the seed in 50 times dilution of bio-extract and subsequently incubated for 48 hrs or soaking the seed in 300 times dilution of wood vinegar and incubated for 48 hrs could enhance both percentage and speed of seed germination. According to the results we concluded that soaking rice seed in bio-extract of pig placenta fermentation or in wood vinegar solutions could enhance the seed quality.

An experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD). Fifteen Thai native cattle were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups with 3 animals in one group and one cattle was one replication assigning to be fed with various roughages: (1) fresh Napier grass (NP) (2) fresh oil palm fronds (OPF) (3) oil palm fronds silage (4) OPF silage with 2% of molasses and (5) NaOH treated OPF (1.5% by weight OPF). All treatments were supplemented with concentrate feed consisting of 14% of crude protein at the rate of 1% of live weight (BW). The experimental period was 120 days. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and mean comparisons among treatments were Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed among 5 treatments in feed intake of dry matter digestibility of crude protein digestibility of neutral detergent fiber feed conversion ratio and growth rates. However the lowest production cost for 1 kg gain was obtained from the cattle fed with NaOH treated OPF.