The Kaolinite development process to improve the characteristics. The Kaolinite mixed ratios are 10% 20% 30% and 40% and the result indicated that the experiment mortar-mix ratio at 0:8:2.75:0.2:0.05:0.04:0.5 of cement powder sand Kaolinite limestone superplasticised and clean water compared to No MK control sample covered ASTM standard in tensile strength more than 100 ksc compressive strength of MK20% with superplasticised at 434 ksc. The water absorption values under the standard passed

The objectives of this research are to study the production step proper ratio physical properties mechanical properties thermal insulation and sound insulation efficiency of concrete blocks mixed with coconut shell ash. The ratios of concrete block mixed with coconut shell ash include Portland cement type1: quarry dust: coconut shellash which equal to 1: 6.8: 0.2 1: 6.7: 0.3 1: 6.6: 0.4 1: 6.5: 0.5 and 1: 6.4: 0.6 by weight. Water per cement ratio are 0.6 by weight. The concrete block samples were casted by the general production as same as the ordinary concrete blocks and were tested follow TIS.58. From the results the best amount of coconut shell ash which put into concrete block is 1: 6.7: 0.3 of ratio. The proper ratios of coconut shell ash can decrease the density or weight and increase the thermal insulation and sound insulation efficiency of concrete blocks. However the high amounts of coconut shell ash effect to decrease the mechanical properties concrete blocks that are lower than TIS.58 standard.

This research presents a study of the compressive strength chloride penetration and resistance to corrosion of concrete containing bottom ash. Fine and coarse aggregate is partially replaced with bottom ash 25 50 75 and 100% by weight of the aggregate. The results show that the compressive strength and low chloride penetration of concrete improves substantially with partial replacement of aggregate with bottom ash. Concrete mix cement containing 25 and 50% of bottom ash can be used to make coarse aggregate. In addition Concrete mix cement containing 100% of bottom ash can be used to make fine aggregate. The use of bottom ash produces concrete mix with good compressive strength and resistance to chloride and corrosion.

The objective of this research is to study about physical mechanical and thermal insulation properties of light-weight Kaolin top soil interlocking block mixed with milk carton waste. The ratio of cement: aggregates (Kaolin top soil and milk carton waste): sanitary water is 1: 7: 1 by weight. 10 ratios of aggregates (Kaolin top soil to milk carton waste ratio) are fixed at 7: 0 6.8: 0.2 6.6: 0.4 6.4: 0.6 6.2: 0.8 6: 1 5.8: 1.2 5.6: 1.4 5.4: 1.6 and 5.2: 1.8 by weight. The interlocking block samples are cast for testing the necessary properties followed the TCPS standard 602-2547. From the experiment the best Kaolin top soil to milk carton waste ratio which has the most milk carton waste and can pass the standard is 6.2: 0.8. The suitable quantity of milk carton waste can reduce the density water absorption and thermal conductivity of Kaolin top soil interlocking block.

This research was aimed to study the effect of bottom ash (BA) as fine aggregate in fly ash concrete and cement-only concrete on strength of water-cured and uncured concrete. The water to binder ratios were 0.35 and 0.55 to represent high strength and normal strength concrete respectively. The weight percentages of replacement of cement by fly ash were 0 and 30%. The replacement ratios of bottom ash as fine aggregate were 0 10 and 30% by volume of fine aggregate. The results indicated that the slump and setting time of concrete increased with the increase of bottom ash content. In contrast the compressive and tensile strength decreased with the increase of bottom ash content. From the curing sensitivity index it was showed that the fly ash concrete required longer curing period than cement-only concrete. In case of high strength concrete the use of bottom ash in fly ash concrete can reduce curing sensitivity of concrete