The objective of this research is to study the combustion characteristic of a low-pressure vertical port burner using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The simulation model was created using Fluent 6.3 in 3D-model of the same size of the burner. The CFD results were verified by measuring the temperature around the burner head and a vessel. Moreover the results of conventional vertical port burner having the swirl angle of 90o and the inclination angle of 90o (CB-S90I90) and two swirl port burners (SB) being SB-S90I13 and SB-S30I90 were compared. The temperatures obtained from CFD and experiments were similar which the error was less than 9%. From the CFD’s results the temperature and heat flux of the SB-S90I13 burner were higher than those of the CB-S90I90 burner. The maximum temperature and heat flux of SB-S90I13 burner were 1445 K and 5291 W/m2 respectively. It was implied that the combustion characteristic and heat transfer to the vessel of SB-S90I13 burner was better than that of CB-S90I90 burner. It was resulted that the thermal efficiency of SB-S90I13 burner was better than that of CB-S90I90 burner which was the percentage energy saving of 6.93%.

The aim of this study was to synthesize a non-halogen phosphate based flame retardant by using chitosan and phosphate compound as substances. The P-N synergistic effect was required in this study. After synthesizing the flame retardant was coated on cotton fabric by dipping then the fabric was tested for flame retardant properties compared to untreated cotton fabric. The three products with N and P in structure were gained by synthesis and confirmed by H-NMR spectroscopy. The time of combustion raised from 14 seconds in untreated cotton to 21 seconds in cotton that treated by product No. 2. Next the mechanical properties of treated cotton fabric are going to measure and the variation of techniques to apply flame retardant on fabric surface is going to test.