This research aims to study abrasive wear behavior of diffusion layer by pack cementation on low carbon steel. Chemical compositions of pack cementation include 42wt% Ferro-silicon 17wt% sand 3wt% NH4Cl 12wt% clay and 26wt% Liquid glass. The specimens were heated in the induction furnace at 950?C and 1050?C for 20 and 30 hrs. Microstructure of diffusion layer was analyzed with Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy and hardness of diffusion layer was tested with a Vickers indenter. The abrasive wear tests were carried out in a Dry Sand Rubber Wheel abrasion machine according to ASTM G65 standard. Results showed that the heating temperature of 1050?C for 20 hrs. yielded high hardness level of approximately 394.26HV0.02 and low average wear resistance of 0.0751g. The worn surface exhibited deep grooves. On the other hand the heated treatment for 30 hrs. yielded the highest diffusion layer of approximately 910?m and the microstructure of Fe5Si3 ?1 and ?Fe.

At present most human-related products contain a mixture of chemicals for inhibiting microorganisms polluting the environments and harming the users. The purpose of this research was to develop a product using banana and papaya peel extracts as replacers for the chemicals inhibiting microorganisms in heel cream. By extracting raw bananas and papaya peels with coconut oil the studying the efficacy of inhibition on E. coli S. aureus Aspergillus sp. and S. cerevisiae with Disk Diffusion method at the protein concentration were performed as follows: 25 50 100 and 150 micrograms per milliliter. The observation of clear zone to observer clear zone of inhibition. and the Turbidity method using light absorption at a length of 600 nm was also were shown the corresponding results of microbial inhibition. observed and showed the consistent results. Especially the papaya extract having the protein concentration at least of 150 micrograms per milliliter could inhibit all 4 microbe species but could not inhibit S. cerevisiae that indicated a good trend of no harm on human. When mixing the extract in the heel cream it was found that Heel cream containing banana extract papaya and both mixtures displayed the density of 0.9674 0.9103 and 0.8057 gram per cubic meter respectively. They could be stored at room temperature for more than 45 days and still maintained the properties of microbial inhibition by up to 80 percentages. When studying the satisfaction of consumers collected randomly from teenagers to elders at both sexes of 40 people more than 80 percentages of the customers were satisfied with the heel cream from all extracts. These all creams could make the feet soft and moisturized within 1 week. More suggestions were to improve the smell of heel cream products to be suitable for all age of consumers. Therefore this research could be concluded that banana and papaya peel extracts inhibiting microorganisms could be used as a heel cream for further continuously developing at the industrial level.

The objective of this research is to investigate microstructure and mechanical properties of brass welded by diffusion welding process. The diffusion welding (DW) of brass welded over lap joints bonding parameters were pressure at temperature 500 650 and 800 0C contact pressure of 12 MPa and holding time for 60 minutes respectively. The microstructure mechanical properties and behaviour during bonding were investigated. The results show that in weld zone (Bond Line) diffusion of atom the brass significantly. The mechanical properties after diffusion welding process increased higher temperature

In this research we studied and fabricated a small vacuum coating system which is suitable for small pieces of the samples. It can help us to save in both cost and time for coating materials in each run. The home-built system consists of (1) a two-stage rotary pump used as a roughing and backing pump for a vacuum chamber and (2) a diffusion pump. The ultimate pressure of this diffusion pump is about 10-7 torr. From the result of testing the fabricated vacuum system it is found that the chamber pressure under the atmosphere can get down to 2.2 x 10-2 torr in 6 minutes by the rotary pump. The pressure inside the chamber is continuously lower to achieve 4.5 x 10-5torr in 30 minutes by the diffusion pump. Moreover we did further testing the system by coating pure aluminum (99.999%) on a Si (100) substrate using a resistive heater source made of tungsten with applied voltage and current of about 2.19 V and 110 A respectively. The aluminum surface has been investigated by SEM and AFM.