The purpose of this research is to study the heavy metal removal from wastewater from laboratory by using adsorption process with firebricks. Waste water was collected among three courses of laboratory such as analytical chemistry principle chemistry and chemistry for engineers. The optimized absorption efficiencies of multi-elements with stirring time volume ratio and temperature were 2 hours 10 g/100 mL and room temperature respectively. It was found that absorption efficiencies of lead (Pb) copper (Cu) zinc (Zn) chromium (Cr) were 65.1 54.8 63.4% and ND respectively.

Dye effluent treatment with photocatalytic technique and adsorption process had an objective for studying the combination process between Titanium dioxide and activated carbon from dye effluent. The dye effluents were prepared from the direct dye reactive dye acid dye disperse dye and basic dye. The effluent dyes from the completely dyeing process at 1 % owf initially. All of dye structures were azo. From the study direct dye and reactive were successfully using combination process between photocatalytic technique and adsorption process whereas disperse dye favored in adsorption process. However acid dye and basic were ignored in this experiment cause of they were a bit of dye concentration in their effluent. The optimum condition for direct dye was 10g/l Titanium dioxide for 6 hours and 5 g/l activated carbon for 6 hours continuously. Reactive dye was performed in continuous condition as 10g/l Titanium dioxide for 6 hours and 10 g/l activated carbon for 6 hours. Disperse dye was the particular process in adsorption by activated carbon 15 g/l for 4 hours. It was summarized that the treatment of photocatalytic technique and adsorption process were upon on the type of dye.

Here we present an experimental study of the single-effect adsorption cooling system using activated carbon-methanol working pair. The test unit was comprised of an adsorber a condenser and evaporator in vertical alignment. Heating and cooling of adsorber was mainly done by hot and cold water circulating through the water jacket. The evaporator and condenser was heated or cooled by flows of water through the internal coil. The adsorber was analyzed for its cooling rate when cooling was done by two approaches either cooling water and/or three thermosyphon heat pipes which both methods gave shortest cooling time. The investigated heat source and sink temperatures are; hot water temperature supplied to adsorber (70 80 90 oC) and cooling water temperature supplied to condenser (5 10 15 oC). An ultrasonic wave generator was attached to the bottom end of the evaporator to generate wave frequency varied by 8 10 and 14 kHz during evaporation phase. The ultrasonic wave can obviously reduce the evaporation time of methanol as well as to improve the system performance in terms of COP SCP and VCP. The system performance was considerably comparable to those from literatures. The highest COP and SCP obtained from this system was 0.718 and 248.90 W/kg respectively.

This research studied the factors that affect the efficiency of phosphate reduction in the wastewater of the washing process with CaCO3 and CaO produced from eggshell and mussel shell. The study found that the optimum condition for adsorption when using CaCO3 from eggshell is to adjust the pH to be equal to 10 take 15 minutes to absorb and add 1 gram of sorbent which can reduce the phosphate content by 25 percent and when changing the adsorbent to CaO the optimum condition for phosphate removal is to adjust the pH to 7 take 15 minutes to absorb and add 1 gram of adsorbent which can reduce the phosphate content by 24 percent. The optimum conditions for adsorption when using CaCO3 from mussel shell were to adjust the pH to 10 take 45 minutes to absorb and add 1 gram of sorbent which can reduce the phosphate content by 25 percent and when changing adsorbents to CaO the optimum condition for phosphate removal is to adjust the pH to 10 take 15 minutes to absorb and add 3 grams of adsorbents which can reduce the phosphate content by 24 percent. In addition when studying the adsorption of impurities in the wastewater such as conductivity turbidity COD and BOD it is found that the optimum reduction conditions can reduce the impurities of the parameters that mentioned above were 19.32 2.60 54.77 and 16.67 percent respectively. CaCO3 and CaO produced from eggshell and mussel shell can be used to absorb impurities in wastewater before releasing into natural water sources.

The objectives of this research were to study cellulose fiber extraction from rice straw with sodium hydroxide in various conditions (with 5 1 0 and 1 0 % of sodium hydroxide at room temperature 60ºC and 90 ºC for 0.5 1 2 and 3 hours) and to study rice straw nonwovens preparation by the wet-laid process. Oil wicking ability oil absorption ability air permeability morphology and physical properties of prepared nonwovens were investigated. It was found that the optimal condition for cellulose fiber extraction from rice straw was 5% of sodium hydroxide at 90 ºC for 2 hours. At this condition the cellulose fiber yield of 2 2% and the fiber length of 1 . 9 6 cm were obtained. The oil wicking ability and oil absorption ability of rice straw nonwovens increased when weight per unit area increased. Therefore oil absorbed into gaps between fibers of the nonwovens by capillary effect. Moreover the nonwovens could wick and absorb virgin palm oil better than fried palm oil because virgin palm oil has a lower viscosity than fried palm oil. The viscosity increased from derived lipid and other substances which dissolve and disperse increasing after frying food. The results indicated that the rice straw nonwovens had oil absorption ability.