The objective of this research was to study the effects of the processing method on colorant powder from Carissa carandas L. mixed with maltodextrin 3 levels (10 13 and 16 %). The physical properties and consumer acceptance on cotton ball cakes added colorant powder from Carissa carandas L. mixed with all maltodextrin were added at 15% on flour weight. Results from physical properties of cotton ball cakes added colorant powder from Carissa carandas L. mixed with maltodextrin at 10 % was found that the lowest lightness. But also the cotton ball cakes added colorant powder from Carissa carandas L. mixed with maltodextrin at 16 % was exhibited the highest redness and yellowness (p< 0.05) and water activity range from 0.92 to 0.93 (p> 0.05). However the cotton ball cakes added colorant powder from Carissa carandas L. mixed with maltodextrin at 13 % was showed that the highest hardness and chewiness (p< 0.05). Furthermore the colorant powder from Carissa carandas L. mixed with maltodextrin at 10 % was found the lowest adhesiveness (p< 0.05). In addition sensorial evaluation was accepted overall liking score in range 7.63-7.80 (like moderately to like very much. The produce colorant powder from Carissa carandas L. was added maltodextrin from 10 to 16 % (w/w) on (p>0.05).

The objective of this research was to determine the optimal ratio of beetroot pulp to produce American muffin. The experimental arrangement in CRD was used to study the effect of ratio of beetroot pulp at 0 % 5% 10% and 15% of total weight on the quality of product. As beetroot pulp increase L* and b* of sample decreased were observed (p<0.05) while beetroot pulp decrease a* of sample increased were observed (p<0.05). For textural properties higher in beetroot pulp added showed notably decreased in hardness and cohesiveness (p<0.05) and increased in springiness (p<0.05). At 10% of beetroot pulp to produce American muffin by 9-point hedonic composed of 26.66 % moisture 24.63 % protein 11.43 % lipid 1.40 % ash 0.92 % crude fiber 1.34 % insoluble dietary fiber and 55.88 % total carbohydrate 344.91 Kcal. of total energy 102.87 Kcal. of energy from fat and increase of anthocyanin 0.37 %.

The effect of grinding on the chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash was studied. Four rice husk ashes with different finenesses i.e. coarse original rice husk ash (RHA0) RHA1 RHA2 and RHA3 were used for the study. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with rice husk ash at 20% by weight of binder. The water to binder ratio (W/B) of the mortar was maintained at 110%±5% with flow table test. Specific gravity fineness chemical properties compressive strength and porosity test of mortars were determined. The differences in chemical composition of the rice husk ashes with different finenesses from the same batch are small. The use of RHA3 produces the mortars with good strength and low porosity. The strength of the mortar improves with partial replacement of RHA3 in comparison with normal coarse rice husk ash. The use of RHA3 results in a strong and dense mortar which is due to the better dispersion and filling effect as well as an increase in the pozzolanic reaction.