จากการทดลองวิจัยพบว่าตัวอย่างดินที่ใช้ในงานวิจัยมีกำลังของดินเพิ่มขึ้นตามร้อยละปริมาณปูนที่เพิ่มขึ้นตามลำดับค่าอยู่ในช่วง 24.55-104.22 ksc. ตัวอย่างดินทุกแหล่งที่มีส่วนผสมของปริมาณปูนร้อยละ 0-1 ทุกความชื้นเมื่อนำไปแช่น้ำไม่สามารถก่อตัวขึ้นรูปอยู่ได้ ดินที่มีส่วนผสมของปริมาณปูนร้อยละ 5-10 ทุกความชื้อเมื่อนำไปแช่น้ำ มีร้อยละการเปลี่ยนแปลงปริมาตรอยู่ที่ 5.92-12.5 และดินที่มีส่วนผสมของปริมาณปูนร้อยละ 20 ของทุกความชื้นเมื่อนำไปแช่น้ำมีร้อยลการเปลี่ยนแปลงปริมาตรอยู่ที่ 0.01-6.96 และจากผลการทดสอบการดูดซึม น้ำพบว่าตัวอย่างดินทุกแห่งที่มีส่วนผสมของปูนปริมาณปูนร้อยละ 0-1 ทุกความชื้น เมื่อนำไปแช่น้ำไม่สามารถก่อตัวขึ้นรูปอยู่ได้ ดินที่มีส่วนผสมของปริมาณปูนร้อยละ 5-20 ทุกความชื้อ เมื่อนำไปแช่น้ำมีร้อยละการดูดซึมน้ำร้อยละ 10.25-19.95

The purport of this research was to design and develop the garment pattern from Surin silk and relay the pattern action training in Technology. This research was the developmental research The tolls of the research were compose of tJ. categories g) patterns in one category the total was (O)tJ. patterns for example : women clothes men clothes skirts trousers and dresses. The questionnaire the opinion assessment the work evaluation the procedure training assessment the samples of this research were the group of g)oo interested persons and 1sltJ. trainees of community groups in Khwgosinrin district Surin province. The statistics were frequency value percentage value the standard deviation. The result of this research was the assessment of garment products from Surin silk for tJ. categories (O)tJ. patterns from the group of interested persons. There were g)(O)-do years old of female in government officers bachelors degree and incomes were (O)ooo(O)-(O)tJ.ooo baht. The thought that the garment products from Surin silk were A-men patterns B-women patterns C-skirt patterns were the most suitability in the pattern the design and the color. The generalization was d.tJ.~ d.db and d.dtJ. The procedure training assessment the trainee majority groups was g)(O)-do years old of female the occupation were farmers elementary education level and lower income tJ.ooo baht. Before training they had the knowledge and the ability in design cut and sew and decorate garments from silk garments in low level. After training they had the knowledge and the ability in design for g) mains in high level and they required to train in the next time in the most level and the work evaluation was succeed in practicing work of the trainees. The result of the trainees were succeed in taking design and cut and sew the garments from Surin silk was d.(O)tJ. in the excellent level. The garment patterns from Surin silk brought in original products that could apply the advantage effectively by the analysis in tJ. categories Q) patterns in one category in (O)tJ. patterns from Surin silk. Choosing tJ. design from the research project of design and development design and color of Surin silk.

This research was to design and develop Mut Mi Weaving of Surins silk and to develop standard of community products. The sampling were 25 people from Tatook Natung Banrae Banbung and Prasardthong Sub-District purposive sampling. The research instrument was the evaluation form of 25 weaving products from 4 groups of expert ; weaver distributor and buyer apparel and household supplier. The research finding were concluded as follow : Twenty -five patterns and colours of Mut Mi Weaving of Surins silk were evaluated by four groups of experts and were appropriate for apparel bags and household products. The participants were female aged 41 -50. They were workers and earned 8000 -9000 Baht per month. Before training they had little knowledge. The training contents were correct and up -to -date. The trainers were excellent. The material equipment and documents were the most appropriate. The participants had good attitude and the designing and developing of Mut Mi of Surins silk was the most appropriate.

In order to elucidate the floral ontogeny of certain Thai species of the subfamily Podostemoideae the flowering shoots of Hanseniella heterophy/la Hydrobryum loeicum and Hy. tardhuangense were observed using scanning electron microscope. In all species studied. the flowering shoots protrude from the cavities where the tufted leaves arise on the crustose root. Mostly the two outer bracts are leaf-like interpreting that the flowering shoots are converted from the vegetative shoots. In Hanseniel/a bracts in the early developmental stage are similar shapes but different sizes arranging in 4 rows. In the mid-stage the ventral bracts differentiate into normally 2 lobes occasionally 3 lobes whereas the dorsal bracts develop into long deltoid shape. In Hydrobryum the arrangement of bracts is distichous. The spathellas in all species initiate from tissue surrounding the floral meristem. Prior to the fusion of ventral and dorsal apical margins the spathella apices become a triangle space in Hanseniella narrow long space in Hy. loeicum and two-lipped in Hy. tardhuangense; and the floral organs are initiated inside the spathella. The two tepal primordia the primary androecial primordium and the gynoecial primordium are initiated simultaneously. The two stamen primordia are differentiated from the primary androcial primordium when the gynoecium changes into a cylindrical shape and two carpel primordia are initiated. These dramatic ontogenetic changes and heterochronic shifts in the initiation of floral organs are highly specialized and very distinct floral development which have not found in any families of flowering plants.

The species composition of Podostemaceae was studied in Loei northeastern Thailand from November 2009 to July 2010 by extensive surveying in the rapids and waterfalls inside and outside of national parks wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas. The samples collected are classified into 2 subfamilies which are Tristichoideae and Podostemoideae. The former contains 2 genera and 3 species Dalzellia kailarsenii Terniopsis sp. 1 Terniopsis sp. 2. The latter has 4 genera and 9 species Hanseniella heterophylla Hydrobryum japonicum Hydrobryum loeicum Hydrobryum tardhuangense Hydrobryum vientianense Hydrobryum sp. 1 Hydrobryum sp. 2 Polypleurum sessile Thawatchaia trilobata. The highest number of species occurs in Hydrobryum with 6 species following by Terniopsis with 2 species. The other four genera have one species each. Based on morphological and molecular analyses revealed that 2 species of the genus Hydrobryum are new and 2 taxa of Terniopsis are also new species. Polypleurum sessile and Thawatchaia trilobata are new recorded in Loei province. The result from this study indicates that the genus richness is relatively high in Loei province which encompasses 60% of the total number of genera (10) in Thailand. The plants in vegetative phase are completely submersed in swiftly running water during a warm wet season (May-October). The plants flower and set fruits and seeds when exposing to air during water level drop in a cool dry season (November- February).