The purpose of this research was to study the temperature of burning surf clam shell for soil quality improvement. The experiment was divided two parts 1) the study of the optimum temperature for calcium oxide production by burning 800 900 1000 and 1100 °C 2) the study of using calcium oxide to improve soil qualities of acidic soil and saline soil. The parameters used in the analysis included elements of soil particles soil moisture pH conductivity total content nitrogen phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that the optimum temperature for the production of calcium oxide was 1100 °C since it provided the highest calcium oxide content of 90 % by weight. After applying calcium oxide into acidic soil the composition of soil particles was changed from sandy clay to sandy clay loam. In contrast the soil particle was not changed but the proportion was changed in saline soil. It was also found that calcium oxide reduced soil moisture and influenced the acidity of soil by increasing the pH from 3.39 to 6.92 in acidic soil and 6.49 to 9.11 in saline soil. In addition it was found that the electrical conductivity of the soil was related to salinity. In acidic soil the conductivity of before and after inputting calcium oxide were 0.87 and 1.24 dS/m respectively. In the case of saline soil the conductivity of before and after improvement were 14.37 and 18.80 dS/m respectively. Besides it was found that the total content of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium were reduced after the experiment.

The objectives of this special project were to investigate basic formulas of Chendol and to study the content of Supplementea of Red hawm rice in lodchong Singapore at different four proportins including control 15% 30% and 45% of red jasmine rice. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used as the research design. Sensory evaluation was conducted to assess appearance color flavor taste texture and over all preference with 9-Point Hedonic Scale. 80 tasters were instructors and students in food and Nutrition Faculty of Home Economics Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Phra nakhon. Cata collected were analyzed to determine mean ( X ) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The statistical comparison was conducted by using (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test DART) with a significance level of 0.05. Data were analyzed through statistical software packages. The results of studying basic formulas indicated that tasters preferred the 10% red jasmine rice formula in terms of appearance flavor taste texture and over all preference with mean scores of 8.39 8.42 8.34 829. 8.47 and 8.42 respectively. The preference was at a moderate level. When ANOVA and statistical comparison were considered. There were the differences in appearance color. flavor taste texture and overall preference with a statistical significace level of 0.05. A study of the physical properties and chemical properties of red jasmine rice in the Cendol showed that the color properties of res jasmine rice in Cendal based on the brightness (L * ) the reduction was 30% lower than the control formula When Adding red jasmine tice the color would be concentrated. The value of a * the formula of adding quantity of red jasmine rice in the Cendol with 30% was close to red color over control formula The value of b * when the amount of jasmine rice in the Cendol was increased by 30% the b * value decreased because of the high amount of anthocyanin resulting in lower b * Anthocyanin was a water-soluble pigment and was a naturally coloring substance. When analyzing the chemical composition control formula and the formula of adding quantity of red jasmine rice in the Cendol with 30%t the Cendol contained mare nutrients protein fat ash fiber and carbohydrates. The average was 0.46 0.68 0.12 1.70 and 36.45 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05).

This research study is the economic load dispatch ELD is the method of determining the most efficient low-cost and reliable operation of a power system by dispatching the available electricity generation resources to supply the load on the system. The main objective of ELD is to schedule the committed generating units output to meet the required load demand at minimum cost satisfying all unit and system operational constraints. With the proper scheduled outputs of generating units it can lead to a significant cost saving of generating systems. This paper presents an optimization technique to economic load dispatch (ELD) problems with considering the daily load patterns and generator constraints using a particle swarm optimization (PSO). The objective is to minimize the fuel cost. The optimization problem is subject to system constraints consisting of power balance and generation output of each units. The application of a constriction factor into PSO is a useful strategy to ensure convergence of the particle swarm algorithm. The proposed method is able to determine the output power generation for all of the power generation units so that the total constraint cost function is minimized. The performance of the developed methodology is demonstrated by case studies in test system of fifteen-generation units. The results show that the proposed algorithm gives the minimum total cost of generation while satisfying all the constraints and benefiting greatly from saving in power loss reduction.

Ground grid design of substation is very important. It will help prevent the danger caused by the fault which causes the high step voltage and high touch voltage and may cause the operator to die. It also helps prevent damage to equipment and increases reliability for power systems as well. Currently the Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) has been built a lot especially in areas with limited space because it takes less space than the Air Insulated Substation (AIS). In order to create a substation of the GIS model instead of the AIS model. In order to create the GIS instead of AIS including the improvement or maintenance of the substation it is necessary to build another small substation to supply electricity to replace electricity from the original substation. However there are two substation stations in the same area may cause an increase of high-slope ground potential between the ground grid systems of both substations. It will cause high step voltage and high touch voltage while the fault is diminished. Therefore before improvement or maintenance of substation the ground grid distance and the size of the newly constructed substation must be analyzed that what effect on step voltage and touch voltage generation. Including studying the effects of step voltage and touch voltage that will occur.

Most of ethanol production processes are limited by low ethanol production rate and recyclable problem of ethanologenic organisms. In the present study Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339 entrapped in an aqueous mixture of alginate and pretreated-bagasse was used for ethanol production of immobilization parameter of yeast cells consisting of amount of bagasse and alginate concentration on ethanol production were investigated. The results showed that increase in alginate concentration and the amount of bagasse can increase structural strength and reduce deterioration of bead. The optimal condition of immobilization was 1.0% (w/v) bagasse and 2.5% alginate. Ethanol yield (Yp/s) ethanol production rate (Qp) and efficiency of fermentation (Ey) obtained from the bagasse-alginate immobilized yeast cell was 3.39±0.72 g/l0.14±0.03 g/l/h and 70.98±14.08% respectively. The ultrastructure obtained from SEM illustrated that S. cerevisiae TISTR 5339 was well incorporated within the bagasse-alginate matrix. Moreover the bagasse-alginate immobilized yeast cells were reusable at least 5 times with Ey higher than 50% of 1st round of fermentation. Therefore the pretreated bagasse-alginate immobilized yeast cells is an alternatively interesting techniques with effiiciency for ethanol production in the future.