This paper presents about the defrosting time of evaporator in refrigerator by using the temperature different between evaporator and chilling area. This temperature different concept could control the defrosting system to operate according to the load. It also helps controlling the operation of fan motor to be able to operate in accordance with the defrosting time. In general system the timer is set at the highest humidity season which cause the unneccessary defrosting cycle even in low humidity season. This general system create the west of power usage colling system. These can cause time-consuming in defrosting process in the low humidity season and cause the unnecessary usage of power to cooling system. This research is to develop the controller for the defrosting system at evaporator from the investigation. As the results we have found that the defrosting system at evaporator according to its load made the refrigerator can decrease the power about 8% when comparing to constant time evaporator system

Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) technology has increasingly been adopted for use within integrated circuits thanks to its superior electrical integrity and scalability. However a steady increase in vulnerability of FinFET circuits to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has recently become one of the major lifetime reliability problems. In this paper we propose a simulation framework to address NBTI in combinational circuits implemented with 14-nm tri-gate FinFET predictive technology. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to construct an accurate long-term NBTI degradation model from cycle-by-cycle data history. The proposed simulation methodology provides accurate results with high efficacy in computation time compared to reference models. From the proposed framework the average delay degradation for all experimental circuits under normal operation after 10-year NBTI stress is approximately 6% yet temperature variation in the circuit strongly influences NBTI degradation.

For modern processors two reliability issues namely increased leakage power and soft error rate continue to intensify as device technologies scale down to nanometers. While many researchers have proposed methods to efficiently control leakage power by tuning body bias few recent works have considered the quantitative negative impact of this technique on circuit soft error vulnerability. In this paper we introduce a novel body bias based approach for reliability improvement that correlates leakage reduction and soft error immunity degradation. The experimental results show that the proposed technique provides satisfactory leakage reduction with confined soft error degradation in 32 nm high-k/metal gate benchmark circuits.

The objective of this research was to study the optimal supersaturated temperature of palm sap powder by heating at 3 different temperatures (120 125 and 130 ºC). The initial sap contained moisture content pH and total soluble solid by 86.63% 6.84 and 15.5 ºBrix respectively. The result showed that the optimal supersaturated temperature of palm sap powder was found to be at 120 ºC. This powder had the yellow-light brown that contained L* a* and b* color value of 68.85 5.39 and 23.74 respectively. While the total soluble solid and Aw of this powder contained 84.84 ºBrix and 0.6 respectively. The sensorial evaluation was accepted in range of like moderately level (p≤0.05). The total microorganisms were 3.6x102 CFU/g and the yeast and molds were 10 CFU/g in which microbiological quality of this product was in standard of dried foods. This study pointed out that supersaturated technique can be utilized in palm sap powder production.

This research has two objectives to 1) to analyze the components of ecotourism of Tahin Community Tahin Sub-district Sathingphra District Songkhla Province and 2) to study Ecotourism Supporting Strategies of Tahin Community Tahin Subdistrict Sathingphra District Songkhla Province. This research use mixed methods ; the qualitative and quantitative research. For the qualitative research conduct by in-depth interview 23 key informants which is the tourism management leader in Tahin Community the qualitative data was analysed by componential analysis. The quantitative research using accidental sampling 362 stakeholders in Tahin Community area and was statistical analysed by mean. The results of the research found that 1) component of ecotourism of Tahin Community for tourism aspects are : the community is unique for tourist place because the tourist attraction are various and traditional especially : culture for live their life The Palm Paddy Sea way which are attractive to tourists and the community is also historically valuable. 2) the strategy of promoting ecotourism Tahin Community they should promote tourist attractions or tourists activities the most (X ̅ = 4.26) followed by the tourist service (X ̅ = 4.13 ) and the tourism marketing (X ̅ = 3.95 ) respectively.