This Research purposes assessment of lightning performance on transmission system 69 kV in Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA). The case studies illustrated the lightning strike to direct top pole in order to guideline considering the critical flashover voltage value of insulator is able to withstand it and improvement lighting protection in the future. This solution analyzes using the Alternative Transient Program-Electromagnetic Transient Program (ATP-EMTP). The result found that voltage across insulator before and after improvement lightning protection by external ground wire. Factor effect to voltage across the insulators is the tower footing resistance wave of lightning current and interval between towers. It depends on relation with front time of wave. The analysis economics is very important. This Research is studying interruption cost of outage since back flashover so analysis the break even point of the installation external ground. The result found upon improvement lightning protection by installed external ground. The pay back period of that is 9 years installed ago. This result can conclusion is external ground able reduction interruption costs of outage.

This research aims to produce scrap page kaolin of brick construction. The kaolin clay ratio of 100: 0 80:20 60:40 50:50 40:60 20:80 and 0: 100 by volume Add mixed with rice husk and rice 15 percent by weight A total of seven ratios. According to standard tests or TIS. 77-2545 ordinary story brick building. The moisture content and water absorption is increasing. While density Thermal conductivity resistance flexural and compressive strength tends to decrease. The best ratio of 80:20 by volume with compressive strength 43.16 kg / cm 2 and 24.93 percent water absorption. Criteria standard of TIS. 77-2545 requiring compressive strength not less than 35 kg / cm2 and water absorption must not be higher than 25 percent. Can be used in the manufacture of brick construction including building decorative wall can be developed into products. Because skin color and beautiful

In this research it was investigated in detail about the physical and specific characteristics of rice stubble to develop eco-product for the community economy. The amounts of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in rice stubble spread thinly by variety of wood finishes and paints were examined for selection of the most appropriate materials which reduced the environmental impacts. Finishes were used in this study such as lacquer vanish wood preservative polyurethane shellac aerosol paint oil color natural dye and synthetic dye. This research was divided into two parts; the first part of this study consisted of analysis of seven heavy metals such as lead cadmium chromium cobalt tin arsenic and mercury (product criteria of green label Green Label Thailand and Eco-labeling 2009/894/EC) the second part consisted of analysis of volatile organic compounds and Environmental Impact Assessment for analyzing product life cycle through choices about materials and energy. Finally the respondents’ perception of the factors affecting product design were examined by measuring the satisfaction toward the designed products. The subjects were classified into three categories such as producer group designer group and consumer group. The experimental results showed that the standardized finishes of rice stubble were shellac lacquer wood preservative vanish and polyurethane respectively. Basket Weaving Techniques were the appropriate ones for the processing of the finished rice stubble because of less waste reducing urea formaldehyde usage man-based method less energy intensive less transportation energy and less adjusted procedure. The examples of designed products were desk lamp tablemat and hand bag. Producer group and designer group had a different opinion about the use of low-impact materials and the avoidance of hazardous substances. Producer group had significant differences of opinion with designer group and consumer group about the appropriate proportion of product design and the color making a product aesthetic. Among three groups of respondents there were not different opinions about the product aesthetic the ergonomically designed products the environmentally conscious products the friendly processed products the natural processed products and the easily end-of-life treatments.

The objectives of this research is to study the current competencies assess competency requirement of community enterprise (OTOP) entrepreneurs in the central region of Thailand and provide them guidelines toward ASEAN Economic Community. The research instruments used for data-gathering were semi-structured interview. The results of the interviews were created by using independent variables in questionnaire. The samplers of this research are the 189 community enterprise (OTOP) entrepreneurs with a 82.54% response rate. The results were as follows : Attributes and skills indicated by current competencies were at high level while knowledge was medium level. The competency requirement attributes skills and knowledge were at high level respectively. The fundamental preparation for competency of community enterprise (OTOP) entrepreneurs in the central region of Thailand toward ASEAN Economic Community should develop competencies in knowledge attributes and skills especially in the international trading regulation international language information technology and management. The community enterprise (OTOP) entrepreneurs should increase skills in the continuous expertise in product development and organization as well as seeking for new markets and creating continuous business networking including organizational innovation acceleration. The community enterprise (OTOP) entrepreneurs should develop attributes to seek for business opportunities widen continuous knowledge and innovation and increase potential organizational development. The suggestions were that the community enterprise (OTOP) entrepreneurs should develop competencies and seek for source of information and ask for government support to get into ASEAN Economic Community. The government sector should support knowledge skills attributes and cooperate with school financial and other to develop potential of community enterprise (OTOP) entrepreneurs in a long term.

Currently the pineapple leaf paper that is produced by using local wisdom is 50 centimeters wide and 64 centimeters long. Therefore the product of the Cooperative is small. And because the size of the paper is limited they cannot be used for producing room divider big umbrella or big painting as per customer’s demand and the members of the cooperative cannot produce large sheet of paper. The researchers therefore designed the Pineapple fibrous leaf sieving Equipment in order to produce large sheet of paper. The equipment consists of a square basin for washing leaf fiber sized 185 centimeters 10 centimeter deep with a 90-centimeter high stand to support the basin and installed the mechanism to lift up the sieve that is used to take up the pineapple leaf fiber. The sieve is 150 centimeters x 150 centimeters which is the largest size possible because the leaf fiber washing must is done by hand. If the sieve is bigger we will not be able to reach to the leaf fiber in the center. Base on the experiment of pineapple leaf paper production by using the new equipment as compared to the paper production as per local wisdom by using 2.5 kilograms pineapple leaf fiber and the paper thickness shall be fixed at 0.35 millimeters it is found that the production that use pineapple fibrous leaf sieving equipment takes 647 second on average and the production as per local wisdom takes 1421 second on average. In other words the equipment can help to reduce the time in paper production of 774 second or 54 %. Apart from that the researcher produced the paper with different thickness by increasing the pineapple leaf fiber by 0.5 kilograms per one sheet of paper so that there are more options to choose in order to match with various products. The amount of leaf fiber used in the production starts from 3 kilograms to 7.5 kilogram per sheet and the thickness of the paper is from 0.36 millimeters and the thickest paper is 1.2 millimeters thick using approximately 7.5 kilograms of leaf fiber. If we use more leaf fiber for paper production the paper will be overweight and it will be sagging.