This paper investigates household behavior with regard to consumption and precautionary saving under income uncertainty for durian farmers in Nonthaburi Province using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A sample of 300 famers provides data collected by questionnaire and examined using the descriptive statistics of percentages mean and standard deviation as well as the inferential statistics of Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results show that durian farmers have an average income of 1039939.66 Baht per year and average debt of 574871.10 Baht per year. Focusing on precautionary saving behavior durian farmers save approximately 1000 to 5000 Baht per month by way of bank accounts premium saving bonds and human financial assets. In addition they exhibit a medium level of knowledge about philosophy of Sufficiency Economy including saving. However no relationship is found between level of saving and education. Hence the government should increase durian farmers’ knowledge concerning Sufficiency Economy including saving thus embracing improved human well-being as a developmental goal

The study objectives of the electrical energy saving behavior of student in faculty of business administration Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon 1) to study psychological trait factor psychological state factor and situational factor in overall group and subgroup of the students’ electrical energy saving behavior in faculty of business admimistration RMUTP 2) to study the interaction effect between psychological trait factor psychological state factor and situational factors related to the students] electrical energy saving behavior in overall group and subgroup. The sample size was 361 students of bachelor’ s degree. The study factors were 7 independents future orientation and self-control) 1 psychological state factors (appropriate model from family knowledge on the electrical energy saving and the information about electricity saving). The dependent factor was the electrical energy saving behavior. Frequency percentage arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive statistic while stepwise multiple regression and two-way ANOVA were used for inferential statistics in overall group and subgroup according to social demographic characteristics. The research findings were as follows : Firstly all 7 factors of psychological trait factors psychological state factor and situational factoe could predict 52% of variance of the electrical energy saving behavior. The most prediction power factors were appropriate model from family positive attitude towards saving behavior receives electricity saving information and well-being respectively. Secondly the interaction effect was found well-being and electricity saving information with the electrical energy saving behavior of student which was male and female group and freshman and sophomore group junior and senior group G.P.A above 3.00 and parents’ income lower than 30000 thb Thirdly the interaction effect was found the future orientation and self-control and knowledge on the electrical energy saving behavior with the group of student who mother has an education lower than undergraduate.

This paper presents about the defrosting time of evaporator in refrigerator by using the temperature different between evaporator and chilling area. This temperature different concept could control the defrosting system to operate according to the load. It also helps controlling the operation of fan motor to be able to operate in accordance with the defrosting time. In general system the timer is set at the highest humidity season which cause the unneccessary defrosting cycle even in low humidity season. This general system create the west of power usage colling system. These can cause time-consuming in defrosting process in the low humidity season and cause the unnecessary usage of power to cooling system. This research is to develop the controller for the defrosting system at evaporator from the investigation. As the results we have found that the defrosting system at evaporator according to its load made the refrigerator can decrease the power about 8% when comparing to constant time evaporator system

This purposes of this independent research were to 1 ) study attitudes towards saving and investment of of Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon personnel as a financial retirement preparation 2) compare attitudes towards saving and investment of of Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon personnel with different personal and external factors. The data collected from the university personnel of Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon. The samples were 238 employees and the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The study result indicated that the majority of respondents of Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon were female staff 166 (69.7%) 121 (121) and 152 (63.9%). The average monthly income was 20001 - 25000 baht or 47.1 percent. Their monthly expense was 15001 - 20000 baht which accounted for 38.2 percent. The results of this study revealed that the attitudes towards saving and investment of the Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon staff were different in terms of personal factors and external factors. The attitude toward savings and investment at the overall level was high regarding Acceptance of risk acceptance expected return understanding confidence and saving and investment experiences

The objectives of this research are to study the production step proper ratio physical properties mechanical properties thermal insulation and sound insulation efficiency of concrete blocks mixed with coconut shell ash. The ratios of concrete block mixed with coconut shell ash include Portland cement type1: quarry dust: coconut shellash which equal to 1: 6.8: 0.2 1: 6.7: 0.3 1: 6.6: 0.4 1: 6.5: 0.5 and 1: 6.4: 0.6 by weight. Water per cement ratio are 0.6 by weight. The concrete block samples were casted by the general production as same as the ordinary concrete blocks and were tested follow TIS.58. From the results the best amount of coconut shell ash which put into concrete block is 1: 6.7: 0.3 of ratio. The proper ratios of coconut shell ash can decrease the density or weight and increase the thermal insulation and sound insulation efficiency of concrete blocks. However the high amounts of coconut shell ash effect to decrease the mechanical properties concrete blocks that are lower than TIS.58 standard.