The aim of this research is to study the varieties of weight density distribution affect to the center of mass and vehicle stability. The weight density distribution tester was designed and changed the position of mass. Base on the center of mass is main points of vehicle stability. On the other hand FMCSA standard was applied to field test for considering of the brake performance and vehicle stability. The results of research discovered to the mass distribution on horizontal plane and fixed position Y1 are absolutely influence under an increasing 50 kilograms of mass condition. For the mass distribution on longitudinal plane and fixed position Z2 and Z3 are affected to the increasing of mass 100 and 150 kilograms respectively. Otherwise under an increasing of mass 200 and 250 kilograms there is non-influence to the weight density distribution. In term of the braking performance it’s depends on the lateral mass distribution especially the center position of mass installed on longitudinal and horizontal plane and close up on the front axle (Y2). For the vehicle stability results the position (Y2) is the highest influence for yaw rate and sideslip. Otherwise the position (Y3) or the position of mass installed on longitudinal plane and nearly at the left wheel on the rear axle. Additionally wheel lock-up condition was appeared on the front axle only. Because the behavior of the weight distribution on front axle was decreased lead to mass distribution on longitudinal plane.

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ 1) เพื่อพัฒนาหลักสูตรสถานศึกษา ฐานสมรรถนะ สาขางานเทคโนโลยียานยนต์ 4 อาชีพ ของสาขาวิชาเครื่องกล วิทยาลัยเทคนิคเลย 2) เพื่อประเมินความเหมาะสมในด้านบริบทและปัจจัยนำ เข้าของหลักสูตรสถานศึกษาที่พัฒนาขึ้นก่อนนำไปใช้ กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัย จำนวน 4 กลุ่ม ได้แก่ เจ้าของ บริษัทรถยนต์ชั้นนำ จังหวัดเลย ที่ให้ความคิดเห็นด้านแรงงาน 8 คน ครูผู้ให้การสัมภาษณ์ด้านการจัดการเรียน การสอน 2 คน ผู้เข้าร่วมพัฒนาหลักสูตรสถานศึกษา 16 คน และผู้ประเมินหลักสูตรสถานศึกษา 13 คน รวม จำนวนทั้งหมด 39 คน วิธีรวบรวมข้อมูลใช้ข้อมูลเชิงปริมาณผสมผสานเชิงคุณภาพ สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ ค่า ร้อยละ เฉลี่ย และส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1) ผลการพัฒนาหลักสูตรสถานศึกษาที่พัฒนาขึ้น โครงสร้างหลักสูตร รวม 4 อาชีพ ประกอบด้วย 31 หน่วยสมรรถนะ 213 สมรรถนะย่อย 2) ผลการประเมิน ความเหมาะสมของหลักสูตรสถานศึกษาที่พัฒนาขึ้น โดยรวมมีความเหมาะสม อยู่ในระดับมาก จำแนก วัตถุประสงค์ของหลักสูตร (x = 4.29 S.D. = 0.50) โครงสร้างหลักสูตร (x = 4.19 S.D. = 0.19) ข้อกำหนด โมดูลอาชีพและแบบมาตรฐานสมรรถนะ (x = 4.33 S.D. = 0.43) และการบริหารหลักสูตร (x = 4.10 S.D. = 0.47)

This thesis was an analysis of the significance of angle of inclination and the thickness of the armor plate on the penetration resistance of bullets on aluminum and stainless steel armor plates determined by the finite element method. In this study the information results obtained from actual firing of bulletproof armor and the finite element simulation according to NIJ 3 standards were compared to create a pattern of bulletproof and bulletproof armor using the SolidWorks program. The simulation model of the armor shooting was created by the Ansys/Explicit Dynamics program. The bullet material was 7.62 mm tungsten carbide (WC). There were three plate types used in the simulation were made of different bulletproof armor materials: 1) stainless steel SUS304 using for the plate thickness of 5 6 8 10 14 20 30 40 45 and 55 mm. 2) aluminum AL7075 using for the plate thicknesses of 6 8 10 and 20 mm. Additionally 3) tungsten carbide using for the plate thicknesses of 6 8 and 10 mm. Each of these plates had a width x length of 300 x 300 mm. The simulation models were divided into two types: Type 1 a simulation firing at one plate at a time. Type II a simulation firing at two layered plates stacked together without any gaps between plates. The front and the back plates made of stainless steel and aluminum respectively or tungsten carbide and stainless steel respectively were determined. The angles of firing at bulletproof armor were set at 0 30 and 45 degrees. The output results were that in Type I the stainless-steel plate with a thickness of 30 mm or more could resist the penetration of bullets. However in Type II 2 stacked layers of the armor plates using the front stainless plate with a thickness of only 20 mm and the back aluminum plate with a thickness of only 8 mm could provide the same constructive results as those of tungsten carbide and stainless steel plates for the front and back plates with both thickness setting at 16 mm. All of them showed the resistance of the penetration to the bullets. More observation was that the increases in angles as a result enhanced more resistance of the bulletproof plates to bullet penetration.

This research project aimed to analyze and design the pattern of a bulletproof metal armor plate as well as build a bulletproof metal armor plate for a small armored regular truck. The methodology consisted of the NIJ standard test and the finite element analysis. The bulletproof plates created were tested for a real firing. Their firing results were compared with those of NIJ-standard using a finite element program in this case applying with the program Ansys/Explicit Dynamic. SolidWorks program is employed as a tool to design and create 3D models of armor plates and bullets. The materials taken in the finite element simulation were SKD11 and SUS304 and the parameters utilized in the research were material types hardness values spacing between the plates and thickness. In the case of two armor plates stacked SKD11 material was designed for the first armor plate to be hit by the bullet. It served to destroy bullets. In addition the second armor plate made of SUS304 material served to absorb energy and obstruct the movement of bullets. For testing a 30-06 caliber M2 AP 166 Gr bullet was selected at a 0-degree angle and the velocities measured and set by the Ansys/Explicit Dynamic program were 901.7 m/s and 880 m/s respectively. The front plate made of SKD11 material with a thickness of 10 mm and the back plate made of SUS304 material with a thickness of 10 mm were fired 1 shot. The results showed that the bullet could penetrate the front armor plate but not penetrate the back-armor plate. In the NIJ 3 standard tests the shooting with a 7.62x51 mm NATO FMJ 148 Gr shell at a 0-degree angle for 5 times with velocities equal to 846.4 841.3 839.1 838.2 and 845.3 m/s was performed on the stacking front and back armor plates both made of SUS304 material with a thickness of 8 mm. The bullet velocity simulated by the Ansys program was 847 m/s resulting in the front plate having a bullet penetration and a slight bulge on the back plate. From the finite element simulation results and the actual test results it was found that the damage to the armor plates detected by both methods was consistent. Therefore the finite element program was selected to simulate the damage of armor plates resistant to penetration according to the NIJ standard Level 4. The results of the research could be concluded that the use of armor plates stacked with suitable different materials in multiple layers would affect the penetration resistance. Increased thickness and optimal spacing between the armor plates were important parameters in penetration resistance. Moreover it revealed that the higher the material hardness the better its ability to resist penetration. In particular this suggestion should be applied to the first armor plate or front armor plate.

Brake pad is a one of products that plays a role in the automotive parts industry and directly affects safety. Therefore there are many designs of brake pads for product development. This research aims to study the thermal conductivity of brake pads and define the thermal conductivity that appropriate to brake pads and also solve the problem of deterioration of braking automotive parts. To achieve this the 3 different ingredient brake pads from Compact International (1994) Co. Ltd. are studied in terms of the heat transfer behavior. The experimental work was set by simulating a brake on the single dynamometer at the braking speed of 50 100 and 130 km/h. As a results the significant parameters are copper and fillers respectively. It affects the heat transfer behavior by means of applying heat from the contact area between the brake pad and the brake disc to the caliper This knowledge will be used in the design of brake pad ingredients to determine the appropriate conductivity of the brake pads.