A case study was conducted to design construct and test a thermosiphon economizer for increasing the temperature of feed water by using waste hot water. The simulation of the thermosiphon economizer (heat exchanger) for the establishment of the optimum size was performed using the thermos-economical method. The thermosyphon was made of a total of 80 copper tubes (outside diam.19.05 mm) with evaporative adiabatic and condensation lengths of 300 10 and 300 mm respectively. The working fluid was R-134a filling ratio was 50% by evaporative volume and the thermosiphon was arranged in a staggered form. In testing performance flow rate of the inlet hot water was set at 10 L/min and the controlled inlet temperature of cold water at 25oC. The average flow rate of the cold water was set at 5 7 and 10 L/min respectively. Results showed that the maximum of rate of heat transfer from the condenser section occurred at the flow rate of the cold water of 10 L/min. When test the inlet temperature of hot water of 4555 and 65 o C were used at the inlet volume flow rate of cold water of 10 L/min maximum heat transfer rates from the condenser 4626 8260 and 8790 W were achieved. Moreover the outlet temperature of the cold water which was initially 25o C changed to 311 34 and 37o C respectively. Therefore increasing the outlet feed water temperature reduced energy consumption. The effectiveness of the thermosiphon economizer with the inlet temperatures of hot water of 45 55 and 65o C was 0.47 0.48 and 0.49 respectively.

The purpose of this research was to improve the efficiency of solar cell modules by cooling with heat pipes. The test set consisted of three 80 watt solar modules that were made of mono-crystalline. The first module did not install heat pipes while the second module installed heat pipes using ethanol as the working fluid and the third module installed heat pipes using R-11 as working fluid. Solar radiation intensity electrical energy produced by the solar modules and temperature of the solar modules were recorded. The results showed that the average temperature of the first solar cell module was 52.9oC and the case of not install heat pipes on module. For the units with heat pipes it was found that unit with ethanol heat pipe had an average temperature of 50.7oC and efficiency at 10.2% whereas the unit using R-11 heat pipe had an average temperature at 49.2oC and efficiency at 11.8% From the experiments it was concluded that the installation of heat pipes could increase the efficiency of solar cell mokules.

This research aimed to investigate the basic recipe product the quantity of banana flour that used instead wheat flour in Thai crispy sponge cake (Sa Lee Krob) and the nutrition value of Sa Lee Krob. 50 samples were expert lecturers from the department of food and nutrition the department of food science and nutrition and the department of industrial food service the faculty of Home Economics Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon. 9- point hedonic scale was used in this study. The result found that the basic of 3th recipe (Bloggang 2018) was acceptable as the standard recipe. There were 4 levels of the substitution of banana flour for wheat flour; 0% 10% 20 % and 30%. 10% was acceptable for the appearance color flavor taste texture and overall liking. The average scores were 7.94 7.92 8.22ม 7.90 and 8.08 respectively. For the color of the basic Sa Lee Krob L* (brightness value) a* (redness value) and b* (yellow value) were different from Sa Lee Krob which is substituted with banana flour (p≤0.05) For the texture of basic recipe of Sa Lee Krob the hardness value was harder than Sa Lee Krob which was substituted with banana flour. The flexibility value ability to combine stickiness value and Chewing resistance value were not significantly different (p>0.05). The nutritional aspects of the basic Sa Lee Krob and the quantity of banana flour substituted wheat flour found that provided less energy but more fiber. The more ash showed that banana flour provided more quantity minerals. Minerals found in banana include potassium magnesium phosphorus and calcium.

This research tilted A Development of Crepe Flour by partially Substitutional Wheat Flour with Sweet Potato aimed to 1) Study a general formula of crepe flour 2) Study a quantity of sweet potato for partially substituting wheat flour in crepe flour 3) Understand nutrition facts of crepe flour and 4) Analyze physical qualities in terms of color and viscosity. The experiments were done in a randomized completely blocks design (RCBD) to get data for measuring acceptance in terms of following aspects: color smell taste texture and overall acceptance. Testers were 30 persons lived in Suan Luang District (On Nut) Bangkok and they participated in research by tasting and giving a score in the 9-point hedonic scale. Findings from this research were as follows: 1) The third formula of crepe flour which consisted of 30-gram all purpose flour 12-gram sugar 400-gram fresh milk 150-gram egg and 65-gram whipping cream gained acceptance in every aspect by getting the average score of color smell taste texture and overall acceptance as 7.70 6.83 6.97 7.00 and 7.07 respectively 2) Regarding to the study of substitution of wheat flour by sweet potato in three levels namely 40 50 and 60 prevent of wheat flour it was found that 50 percent proportion got acceptance in every aspect by getting the average score of color smell taste texture and overall acceptance as 6.83 6.87 6.97 6.87 and 6.77 respectively As the crepe flour with partial sweet potato substitution is hard thick and not sweet which is the unique feature of crepe flour in order to gain higher consumer acceptance the crepe flour with partial general formula of crepe flour while providing less energy carbohydrate and fat than the general formula 4) Crepe flour with 50 percent substitution of wheat flour by sweet potato had less L* value (lightness) than the general formula albeit higher for a* value (red) and b* value (yellow) and lastly crepe flour with 50 percent substitution of wheat flour by sweet potato had higher viscosity than the general formula sweet potato substitution’s formula is improved by adding milk and sugar based on expert’s suggestions. 3) Crepe flour with 50 percent substitution of wheat flour by sweet potato gave higher protein calcium phosphorus and vitamin A than the general formula of crepe flour while providing less energy carbohydrate and fat than the general formula 4) Crepe flour with 50 percent substitution of wheat flour by sweet potato had less L* value (lightness) than the general formula albeit higher for a* value (red) and b* value (yellow) and lastly crepe flour with 50 percent substitution of wheat flour by sweet potato had higher viscosity than the general formula

Sweet tamarind is a unique and economic plant of Phetchaboon province and it has already been geographical indication (GI) registered. One of its main problems is fungal degeneration which cannot be physically visible. This causes the consumer’s uncertainty on its quality especially sweet tamarind from small communities. This led to the study on the use of household heat to reduce fungal degeneration by steaming at 100oC for 50 60 70 and 80 minutes and drying in the hot air oven at 70oC for 3 hours. It was found that increasing the heat resulted in darkening the sweet tamarind color and heightening up its content moisture (p<0.05) statistical significance. Drying temperature at 60 70 and 80oC revealed the higher the heat the shorter the drying time and the sweet tamarind content was darker. In addition drying significantly decreased the moisture and preference score of sweet tamarind (p<0.05). The storage of sweet tamarind in mesh bag at ambient temperature revealed that the increase of the storage time resulted in a significant increase in the moisture of the sweet tamarind shell (p<0.05) and could preserve the tamarind for at least 12 weeks without the deterioration from the fungus.