High petroleum cost nowadays and expectedly in the future is a major force driving the cost up in every industrial sector. In metal forming industry tooling design is a very important and costly process in the design and development phase. By a traditional means trial-and-error approach requires continuous corrections causing many problems to manufacturers since tooling corrections and real scale experiments are very costly and inefficient consumption of limited natural resources. As a result simulations via computer models play an important role in the present time. An important tool to this problem solving in the sheet metal forming industry is a nonlinear finite element method. When it works together with proper material models it has potential and is suitable for applications in the current 21st century to efficiently analyze and design manufacturing processes especially in sheet metal forming.

The objective of this research is to increase the tool life of trimming process by surface coating technology. The procedure of this research consists of two sections. In the first section the friction coefficient was investigated with the ball on disk technique by using a tribometer. Steel ball was produced from cold work tool steel grade SKD11 (JIS) hardened to 60±2 HRC. Two types of surface coating namely AlCrN and TiAlN were conducted by PVD technique. Disk material used in this experiment was made by stainless steel JIS; SUS 304 of 2 mm thickness. For the second section the wear tests of trimming die were performed by using flat punch and inclined punch 45 degrees without surface coating as well as the inclined punch 45 degrees coated with AlCrN and TiAlN (PVD). Workpiece material used for the wear test was stainless steel JIS; SUS 304 of 2 mm thickness. Additionally the finite element analysis was carried out for explanation the deformation of the workpiece during trimming operation. Although the friction coefficient of the surface coating was higher than non-coating it could be extended the tool life ostensibly. As the result of FEM the inclined punch 45 degrees could be generated the long sheared surface more than the flat punch. This is due to the internal stress of workpiece that did not connect from the punch to the die so the crack propagation would be delayed. The inclined punch 45 degrees coated TiAlN has a highly durable which can be used up to 5000 strokes.

The study of Crispy Lotus-Stem bakesby drying oven. The purpises of this study were to create create crispy lotus-stem recipe and the production process of crispy lotus-stem by drying oven. This study was to quantify amount of lotus-stem and Stabilizing agent that appropriate to produces crispy lotus-stem. Was conducted in 3 recipes (depend on ratio (%) of quantity lotus-stem: Stabilizing agent) are following 1) 95:5 2) 95:5 and 3) 95:5. Our study found that the ratio of lotus-stem: Tapiocastarch which appropriate to produces crispy lotus-stem were 95:5.Moreover this ratio was accepted mostly and after tasted the water activity aw values= 0.349the Crispyness values= 1753 and the Spectrophotometer values = (L*) 34.39(a*) 4.12 and (b*) 8.31 the chemical analysis found that fiber = 31.89% protein = 3.87% fat = 23.98% moisture = 2.65% and ash = 4.35% The study of temperature and duration to bake crispy lotus-stem by drying oven at 60 70 and 80 degree Our showed the appropriate temperature and duration to bake crispy lotus-stem by drying oven was 1 hour 30 minutes crispy Lotus-stem products by Drying Oven can Keep at room temperature degree Celsius for a period of 30 days.

The objective of this study was to investigate the appropriate formulas and methods for the production of bamboo shoots. Total Method 3 was used to study the optimum amount of wheat flour at the concentrations of 5 10 and 15 percent. The tasting parameters of wheat flour were 15 percent. (Framing) and overall liking. Then a suitable amount of baking powder was added in the amount of 1 2 and 3 percent. The average leaf color flavor taste texture and overall preference were 7.50±1.14 7.67±0.80 7.77±0.86 7.57±0.97 and 7.97±0.67 respectively. Physical quality was found to be 52.42±0.02 L* 19.60±0.04 a* and 31.23±0.02 b*. The value of aw was 0.42±0.01. The crispness was 5.33±0.58. The hardness was 5.93±0.11. Based on the chemical quality survey it was found that moisture content was 2 . 2 7 ±0.77 protein content was 12.48±0.00 fat content was 22.47±1.72 the fiber content was 5 . 4 7 ±1.21 the ash content was 7 . 2 8±0.12 and the carbohydrate content was 50.02±0.00 packed in foil aluminum foil bags. With desiccant Preserved at room temperature for 6 weeks moisture content aw values color and texture were analyzed. Moisture content and aw values decrease and result in color values. Slow change the texture decreased slightly. But the product is still framed.