The objective of this study was to develop a technique for detection of the water added in raw milk using Inter Digital Electrode (IDE) other than using conventional methods such as determination of specific gravity or of the freezing point temperature and the compression on frozen samples. The assumption capacitance value of added water in raw milk will be varied with the quantities of added water. The experiment was performed by using a LCR (GW INSTEK LCR-817) meter to measure the capacitance value of milk contaminated water from 0 to 90% and electrodes which are normal and ground of different electrode number (N) of 7 10 and 13 width (W) of 1 and 2 mm. and length (L) of 10 20 30 40 and 50 mm. Results shown that the capacitance value of the water added in raw milk were lower than the raw milk without added water. Additional the W1L50N13G (W=1 mm. L=50 mm. N=13 and grounded) detects the water added in raw milk with R2 of 0.9904

Superheated steam drying has gained more attention due to its absence of oxidative reactions and high drying rate. This research involved drying of ground fish slices using superheated steam. The influences of superheated steam temperature (120 130 and 140 ?C) and thickness of ground fish slices (1.3 and 2.2 mm) on drying kinetics and quality attributes of dried fish slices were studied. Effective moisture diffusion coefficients (Deff) of the ground fish slices dried at different conditions were also investigated. From the experimental results it was seen that an increase in drying temperature and a decrease in thickness of ground fish slices led to faster moisture reduction. In terms of qualities it was found that the lightness value (L-value) decreased. However the redness value (a-value) percentage of shrinkage hardness and toughness values increased when the thickness of ground fish slices and superheated steam temperature increased. Moreover it was also found that the Deff of the ground fish slices increased with the increase of superheated steam temperature and thickness of ground fish slice.

The objectives of this research were to study the changes in the moisture of ground fish slices during drying with superheated steam combined with hot air and to compare the physical properties (in terms of color hardness toughness and shrinkage) as well as sensory evaluation of dried fish slices. Two drying methods were performed (i.e. superheated steam drying at 140 ?C combined with hot air drying at 110 ?C (SSD+HAD) and hot air drying at 110 ?C combined with superheated steam drying at 220 ?C and hot air drying at 110 ?C (HAD+SSD+HAD)). The ground fish samples were produced at sizes of 50?50?1.3 and50?50?2.2 mm (WDH). The samples with the initial moisture content of around 205-215% dry basis were dried until the final moisture content of about 20% dry basis. Results showed that the samples with 1.3 mm thickness had shorter drying times than those with 2.2 mm thickness. The samples dried by SSD+HAD and HAD+SSD+HAD were similar in the drying time. In term of qualities it was seen that the lightness of dried samples decreased but the hardness toughness and shrinkage percentage of dried samples increased when the samples thickness increased. Dried samples obtained from SSD+HAD had higher lightness hardness and toughness but had lower percentage of shrinkage than those obtained from HAD+SSD+HAD. Moreover it was found that dried samples obtained from HAD+SSD+HAD had the highest sensory scores.