Nanomaterials are widely used in many applications such as medicine cosmetic industry and other. When the size of the particle is reduced the number of atoms on the surface and the ratio between surface area to volume of the material increase result in the enhancement of the material’s physical magnetic and optical properties. There are many methods to synthesize the nanoparticle such as grinding chemical reaction electrochemical method and laser ablation. In this research laser ablation was chosen to synthesize the metal nanoparticles because this method is quick and convenient and does not produce hazardous waste. The results show that the laser with 6V electric potential could synthesize the metal nanoparticles with the smallest size. The metal nanoparticles with larger size were obtained when higher electrical potential of 8V and 10V were used. In conclusion the electric potential of the laser affects the size of the metal nanoparticle obtained from laser ablation.

In order to maintain food and materials including drying products at the original dried condition silica gel can be one choice for absorbing moisture. Most silica gel is packed in an Parcel made from plastic which is difficult to naturally degrade thus causing environmental problems. This research therefore have developed packaging material from agricultural waste corn husks for absorbing moisture from food rice. From the study it was found that the corn husk paper had characteristic of smooth paper surface. When making it into a corn fiber Parcel its maximum moisture absorption from saturated humidity was 9.22±0.92% and it could absorb the moisture from the rice stored at room temperature when compared to the plastic sachet at 8.26±0.50% and 9.30±0.08% respectively. When coated with kaffir lime oil extract the corn husk Parcel had the capability in anti-fungus commonly habituated in corn husks up the concentration of 15000 ppm. It could naturally be degraded within 12 days. Therefore with these advantageous qualification the natural Parcel made of corn husk paper harboring silica is for moisture absorption as sustainable and environmental conservation material.

This work aimed to study the improvement of mechanical properties and cost reduction of biodegradable packaging made from polylactic acid (PLA) by using sisal fiber. Because sisal fiber as natural fiber is good mechanical properties biodegradable material and low cost. The variables studied were the addition of sisal fiber surface treatment with epoxy silane and fiber direction. Their effects were investigated by tensile flexural and impact testings and morphology analysis. The results suggested that the addition of sisal fiber increased Young’s modulus Flexural modulus and ultimate tensile stress whereas elongation at break and impact strength tended to decrease. For the effect of surface treatment it was found that tensile and flexural moduli increased with epoxy silane treatment but tensile flexural and impact strengths slightly changed. Surface treatment by epoxy silane led to good interfacial bonding by hydrogen bonding between oxirane ring of epoxy silane and hydroxyl group of PLA. The effect of fiber direction revealed that tensile properties of composite in fiber direction of 0o were higher than those of composite in fiber direction of 45o. Fiber direction did not affect flexural and impact properties.

Oil spills in every household caused by cooking are difficult to eliminate when accumulating for a long time. In this study the researchers aimed to develop the remaining coffee grounds for oil absorption. From 2 coffee ground samples types A and B obtained from different coffee shop & coffee grounds type A demonstrated more effective in absorbing vegetable oil. The sample A was thus treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution at the concentration of 0.5 1 3 33 50 80 and 100 percentages for 30 minutes and determined for the efficiency in oil elimination. The sample with at least 80 % (v/v) H2O2 showed the most effectiveness in absorbing oil. The coffee grounds that were later treated with pineapple juice fermented Kefir could help increase coffee ground degradation at 51.07 percentages. The Kefir treated coffee grounds packed in an absorbent bag revealed higher effectiveness in oil absorption at least 51.07 percentages compared to the controls that were cotton bag and coffee a harboring at the percentages of 73.85 and 30.04 respectively. This coffee ground bag after thrown into the ground could be decomposed in nature for 52 percentages within 1 month. Due to the oil elimination properties of the coffee grounds that are environmentally and human friendly as well as low cost it is possible to develop the kefir treated coffee grounds for being oil-absorbing products that can come in contact with human skin.

Nowadays Thailand is realizing the economic value of earthworms. Earthworm farming is a driving force that can stimulate the Thai economy. The objective of this project is to measure the humidity and temperature properties of the worms the two boards are circuit boards in microcontroller. These are the WeMos D1 ESP8266 board and NodeMCU ESP-32S board. The WeMos D1 ESP8266 board to measure the amount of water and temperature of of the soil and can turn the water supply on or off automatically. The NodeMCU ESP-32S board has a database system to collect real-time humidity and temperature data. The data is processed and displayed via a web interface. The experiment showed that in regard to earthworm farming the soil moisture alert system in the earthworm closet has a temperature accuracy of 28.5°C. The top soil has a humidity accuracy of 65% the middle soil has a humidity accuracy of 67% and the lower soil has a humidity accuracy of 67%. This allows the ideal moisture and humidity levels for the propagation of earthworms to be maintained. The alert system displays the temperature and humidity in the earthworm closet and can turn the water supply off if the soil moisture level gets too high for the worms - this can all be monitored via the web application. .