Podostemaceae a family of aquatic flowering plant restricted to river rapids and waterfalls are widely reported to be the high incidence of endemism and in need for conservation. The present study analyses endemism and conservation status of the Podostemaceae in northeastern floristic region Thailand using past and current taxonomic records personal field collections geographic ranges IUCN assessment and a combination of river number in which a species occurs. The plants grown in one river and two rivers are considered as narrow endemic species. Among the six genera and 22 species recognized two genera are endemic eighteen species are endemic to Thailand eleven species of the 18 are narrowly distributed and confined in northeastern floristic region and the other 4 species are not endemic. Considering the conservation status two species are classified as Critically Endangered distributed in a single river ten species as Vulnerable distributed in 1-2 rivers six species as Near Threatened two species as Least Concern and two species as Data Deficient. Loei province is the most species-rich area in Thailand with 12 species five of them are restricted in Loei.

Thai Local Herbs Snack Product (TLHSP) is very popular and has increase tendency the target group in worldwide such as children teenager and adult which live in metropolis. The aim was 1.) to study the formular and condition to produce TLHSP by extruder machine 2.) to study the type and quantity of Thai Local Herbs which was added 3.) to study the shelf-life and type of package to keep TLHSP. The study used CRD to design the method and has a stable variable is 1% CaCo3and varies 2 variables are the ratio between a speed of single screw at 3 levels such as 250 300 and 350 rpm and moisture content of raw material at 3 levels such as 15 17.5 and 20. And this research study about the level of grinded sugar (GS) at 3 levels such as 0 3 and 6 g. which at 3 g. the TLHSP had well scores of 7 to 8 (like moderately to like very much; used 9 Points Hedonic Scale method for the sensory test) the characteristic for color was 7.37+ 0.01 texture in crisp was 7.33+ 0.01 and overall acceptance was 7.70+ 0.01. Especially odor was 7.63+ 0.01 and taste was 7.38+ 0.03 there were significant differences (p<0.05) with 0 and 6% grinded sugar. TLHSP was well accepted by consumers with 88.00% (By the Central Location Test for questionnaire paper survey). Almost 70% were female 88% had 18-27 years-old 81% were student and 56% hadincome cash < 5001 baht/ months. This study used the extrusion technology to produceTLHSP which the fixed specification fallow as; a speed of single screw was 300 rpm Barrel temperature was 134-165 ˚C 380 Volt 85 amp a diameter in front of machine was 2 mm. a speed of blade 95 rpm and had 2 pieces. And the capacity was 14.4 kg/hr. Therefore aw0.34±0.02 Lightness 60.41 ± 0.16 %extended ratio1.69±0.01 %bulk density 0.15± 0.001. Chemical Properties for %moisture6.60±0.16 %protein 7.88±0.16

The studies of original recipes of Thai desserts were modified and developed by local Thai herb. There are eight kinds of Thai dessert were selected such as Ta – Ko Mao-Kang (Thai baked custard) Shung–Ha-Ya (Thai streamed custard) Toa-Pap Krob-Kim Ka-Nom-Tom Ka-Nom-Tein-Kaew and Kaow-Tung-Sa-Wey which were developed by dried sweet bael fruit Curcuma powder Mashed lemongrass and Mashed ginger. A result was found that Ta – ko substitution water chestnut from dried sweet bael fruit (marmelos) in level of bael fruit was 100 125 and 150 % by weight of water chestnut. The food expertises like substitution dried sweet bael fruit with 125 % in moderate level. The majority of consumer 85% accepted Ta –ko with 125% of dried sweet bael fruit. Mao-kang was added dried sweet bael fruit in levels of bael fruit was 10 20 and 30% by total weight. The food expertises like added sweet bael fruit with 20% in moderate level. The majority of consumer 95% accepted Maokang with 20 % of dried sweet bael fruit. Shung–ha-ya was added curcuma powder in levels of curcuma powder was 0.5 0.75 and 1% by total weight. The food expertises like added curcuma powder with 0.5% in moderate level. The majority of consumer 81% accepted shung–ha-ya with 0.5% of curcuma powder. Ka-nom-Toa-pap was added curcuma powder in levels of curcuma powder was 1 2 and 3% by total weight. The food expertises like added curcuma powder with 2% in moderate level. The majority of consumer 84% accepted ka-nom-Toa-papwith 2% of curcuma powder. Krob-kim was added mashed lemongrass in levels of mashed lemongrass was 6 8 and 10% by total weight. The food expertises like added mashed lemongrass with 10% in moderate level. The majority of consumer 94% accepted Krob-kim with 10% of mashed lemongrass. Ka-nom-Tom was added mashed lemongrass in levels of mashed lemongrass was 10 15 and 20% by total weight. The food expertises like added mashed lemongrass with 15% in moderate level. The majority of consumer 87% accepted Ka-nom-Tom with 15% of mashed lemongrass. Ka-nom-tein-kaew and kaow-tung-sa-wey was added mashed ginger in levels of mashed ginger was 4 8 and 12% by total weight. The food expertises like added mashed ginger 4% in two products. They like in moderate level. The majority of consumer 79 % accepted Ka-nom-tein-kaew and 93% accepted kaowtung-sa-wey with 4% mashed ginger.

The objectives of this study were to dry Chaploo Leaves at 3 levels: 50 60 and 70C for 3 hours. It was found difference in the moisture values aw and color significantly (p<0.05). 60C is the best value. Then based on 3 formulas of Cereal Bar mixed with Chaploo leaves sensory evaluation in terms of color flavor taste texture and overall acceptable were conducted. Scores of nine levels (9-Point Hedonic Scale) was used for taste test. Factorials Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) compared the differences of the measures Duncans New Multi Rank Test (DMRT) found that the scores for flavor taste texture and overall 3

The objective of cereal bar (Khao Mao Mee) development project is developing project is developing formula and production process.- to increase nutritive value and convenience in carrying comfortably. according to study of 3 basic formulas by randomized complete block design (RCBD)the results showed that the overall liking of like moderately (7.67)the study of hot air dried carrot at 70c by randomized complete block design (RCBD)...