The amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in aquaculture ponds is considered to be one of the most important aspects for the survival of fishes. The water in aquaculture ponds is stratified into distinct layers with different DO caused by differences in temperature. This temperature difference occurs when the surface layer of water heated by the sun becomes hotter than the lower water layer. Since the top layer is in contact with the air it contains the most DO. On the other hand the deepest layer is isolated from the air it contains the lowest amount of DO. This study proposed an aeration system called a Solar Circulating-Water Aeration System (SCWAS). The SCWAS uses solar thermal energy to create a natural water circulation. In other words it provides an upward current of water from the bottom to the pond surface and a downward current from the surface to the bottom. This circulation creates the movement of surface water and then increases the DO content of the surface water. This water circulation moves highly oxygenated surface water to the bottom layer forcing low oxygen water from the bottom up to the surface where it can absorb oxygen. To evaluate this design concept the numerical simulations of the system were conducted using ANSYS Fluent software. According to the simulation results the SCWAS can provide the natural water circulation. It was found that a flow rate of 2.24 L/s is obtained when the ratio between the draft tube inlet (r) the draft tube outlet (R) the base (L) is 1: 2: 3. In addition an SCWAS prototype was built and installed in a tilapia aquaculture system. A calibrated measuring system was installed to investigate the prototype performance. The experimental results indicate that the average DO values at the water surface and at the bottom of the pond increased by 1.45 and 1.40 times respectively compared with those of a pond without SCWAS. Economic analysis shows that the payback period of SCWAS is 4.58 years and its investment cost is 17.49% less than that of the paddle-wheel aerator.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of plant growth regulators on in vitro propagated plantlets and microrhizome inductions of Curcuma comosa Roxb. for an efficient development of plant regeneration. In vitro sprouted shoots (2 cm length) of C. comosa were incised in longitudinal section and subcultured on MS media supplemented with 3 mg/L BA for shoot multiplication and plant regeneration. Subsequently the regenerated plants were transferred to MS medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators; BA (1 3 5 mg/L) kinetin (1 3 5 mg/L) and TDZ (0.5 1 1.5 mg/L). The result showed that MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA was the most effective in shoot induction with the significantly maximum average number of 2.11 shoot buds per responding explant. Moreover MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA produced the longest average of shoot bud explants (12.99 cm) while the basal MS medium induced the longest average of root multiplication (6.63 cm). Furthermore microrhizome induction was produced under in vitro conditions derived young shoot buds upon transfer to MS medium containing various combinations of 1 3 and 5 mg/L BA and 30 60 and 90 g/L sucrose concentrations. The optimum combination in the induction of significantly highest average length of both stem (18.32 cm) and root (7.52 cm) multiplication was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA and 30 g/L sucrose for 4 weeks. Although microrhizome formation was not produced by the different amount of BA and sucrose in induction medium starch accumulation was found at the base of the stem explants cultured on MS medium containing 60 and 90 g/L sucrose concentrations. Additionally in vitro propagated C. comosa plantlets through microrhizome induction were grown under greenhouse conditions for 4 weeks and further developed into normal plants resulting in successfully high survival rates of 66 – 100% in the cultivated C. comosa.

Development of chili powder products through consumer survey to be used as the information for the development of high quality chili powder. The quality and physicochemical properties of chili powder during storage were investigated. The sound and red pods of fresh chili were washed and blanched at 100ºC for 3 min. Blanched chili pods were soaked in 0.25% sodium metabisulfite with 1.0% citric acid for 30 min prior to drying in a tray dryer at 65°C for 14 h to obtain dried chili with a final moisture content of approximately 8%. Dried chili pods without stem were ground to obtain chili powder. Roasting before grinding resulted in the reduction of moisture aw and color values. The results of study on the quality changes of chili powder during storage showed that storage temperature was the important factor affecting the changes in physicochemical properties and percentage of consumer acceptance. Meanwhile aluminum foil packaging slowed the increase of aflatoxin content in chili powder better than polypropylene. However aerobic bacterial count of the developed chili powder product is very low compared to the microbiological specifications while yeast and mold were not detected. The product contains a standard level of aflatoxin content after 12 weeks in all storage conditions which corresponds to the awareness of consumers in terms of quality cleanliness and safety are important factors in deciding to buy chili products.

This research analyzes the parameters affecting the penetrating resistance of shells on the armor surface by the finite element method. In this study the results were compared with real bulletproof armor firing tests and finite element simulations. modeling of bulletproof armor using Solid Works program. Creating and simulating armor firing pattern using ANSYS Explicit Dynamic program. damage test is based on National Institute of Justice level 3 standards with material of the ammunition is 7.62 mm tungsten carbide (WC) and speed 847 + 9.1m/s. there are two types of bulletproof armor used in this simulation 1. SKD11 2. Aluminum AL7075. The simulations is into 1 category Simulation of stacked armor plates. The sizes of the armor plates are 6 8 and 10 mm and the angles of firing of bulletproof armor are 0 30 and 45 degrees. result of this simulation armor thickness and firing angle are factors of penetration resistance. when the angle of the projectile is tilted it will cause the projectile to deflect reducing the frictional contact from the impact.

In conducting the research on Material Science two composite materials ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) powder were formulated by hot compression molding process. The formulated materials demonstrated good mechanical properties and high wear resistance properties. Based on the studies the Al2O3 grade selected was Al2O3 HTM 30 harboring mixed uneven powder particle sizes ranging from 2 to 5 microns (μm) and selected proportion of Al2O3 alloy mixed for improving mechanical and wear resistance properties of the UHMWPE composite material was the UHMWPE+Al2O3 HTM 30 at a ratio of 95:5%. When considering both material properties and cost effectiveness in the impact test 2-5 μm Al2O3 HTM carried the higher impact strength than other aluminum oxide grades with the values up to 586.8 J/m at a ratio of 5% aluminum oxide. The hardness test of the 2-5 μm UHMWPE+ Al2O3 HTM delivered the hardness at 58.8 using the standard durometer. The tensile test values consisted of Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Breaking Strength Elongation at Break and Modulus of elasticity equal to 20.52 MPa 29.96 MPa 22.83 MPa 265.8% and 784.46 MPa respectively.