Nowadays an automotive industry steadily has been growing and playing a major role on economy development for many years. The crash box is one of the most important parts for safety but it was found that the crash boxes manufactured domestically are not met international standard requirements. This is due to process and material limitation. This process for automotive safety test requires high budget and there is unclear approach for specific test. Therefore a study of crash boxes referred to energy absorption project was conducted as an alternative choice of testing. Regarding to the problems as addressed above this project was aimed to design and test crash boxes which come in various structures; simple type corrugated type and honeycomb type of crash box. In addition it was also emphasized in studying energy absorption behavior and physical deformation of crash boxes after dynamic and static energy being applied. Numeric simulation and static test methodology of front collision were applied for these tests in reference to USA NCAP standard for automobile collision test. Testing all types of crash boxes indicated that the corrugated type was able to absorb energy at 2.8% and 5.9% higher than honeycomb type and rectangular type respectively. This is capable to pick up stress and strain continually and effecting to more energy absorb than another type. Additionally this corrugated structure is feasible and suitable for crash box design in automotive manufacturing.

การวิจัยนี้เป็นการศึกษาสมบัติของโลหะเงินเจือต่ำ 58.33% ที่มีธาตุทองแดง (Cu) และดีบุก (Sn) เป็นธาตุผสม ซึ่งมีปริมาณการผสมอยู่ในช่วงระหว่าง 36.66-41.57%Cu และ 0.10-5.01%Sn ตามล่าดับ โดยท่าการเปรียบเทียบกับสมบัติของโลหะเงินสเตอร์ลิง 925 และโลหะเงินเจือต่ำ 58.33%เพื่อ ศึกษาวิเคราะห์อิทธิพลของธาตุเจือทองแดงและดีบุกที่มีผลต่อสมบัติเคมีและสมบัติทางกายภาพที่ เหมาะสมในการผลิตเครื่องประดับเงินเจือต่ำ 58.33% ผลจากการศึกษาโลหะเงินเจือต่ำ 58.33 % ที่ประกอบด้วยเงิน (Ag) และทองแดง (Cu) เมื่อน่ามา เปรียบเทียบกับโลหะเงินสเตอร์ลิง 925 จากการศึกษาเปรียบเทียบพบว่าโลหะเงินผสมเจือต่ำ ต่ำ 58.33Ag + 41.16Cu +0.51Sn มีค่า มีค่า L* = 92.18 a* = 4.64 b* = 10.71 และ ΔE = 28.32 เป็น ส่วนผสมที่เหมาะที่สุดจากการวิเคราะห์ค่าระดับสีและค่าความแตกต่างของสี และมีพฤติกรรมความ ต้านทานการหมองของโลหะเงินเจือต่ำมากที่สุด เนื่องจากอิทธิพลของธาตุดีบุก (Sn) ที่ผสมเข้าไปใน อัตราส่วนที่เหมาะสม ผลจากการวิเคราะห์ส่วนผสมทางเคมีของโลหะเงินเจือต่ำ 58.33% พบว่าส่วนผสมทางเคมีของ โลหะเงินเจือต่ำในแต่ละอัตราส่วนผสมมีสัดส่วนของธาตุใกล้เคียงกับอัตราส่วนผสมจริง จึงท่าให้โลหะเงิน เจือต่ำที่ได้ท่าการทดลองมีค่าระดับสีและพฤติกรรมความต้านทานการหมองที่สูงไม่แตกต่างกันมากนัก เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานของเครื่องประดับเงินตามมาตรฐานอุตสาหกรรมการผลิตเครื่องประดับทั้งของใน ประเทศและต่างประเทศ

Thailand has become a member of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) which aims to stimulate economic growth social progress sociocultural evolution and also cooperation among its members. The main goal of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is to transform the region into a single market and production base to become more stable and prosperous. Hence in order to prepare ourselves to the changes in a very near future it is essential to encourage and support students to improve their working skills and knowledge to enter the ASEAN community confidently. In order to examine on the acknowledgement and the preparation in terms of working skill for ASEAN undergraduate students in the first year of Food Service Industry Program were chosen by using purposive sampling. Fifty-five questionnaires were collected. The result shows that most of the students at 75.47 percent are female 52.83 percent of them are eighteen years old and 43.39 percent use internet regularly. The evaluation on students’ knowledge capability and working experience which are considered to be beneficial for entering the ASEAN community shows that most of the students are very well prepared in both personality and potential. Moreover the majority are also very well educated about ASEAN in terms of economic growth social progress sociocultural evolution. The research also analyzed on the differences on gender of the students and channel of the resources about ASEAN that may have an impact on their knowledge and potential. The result shows that there are no significant differences between each gender and channel (P ≤ 0.05).

This study a knowledge formation research had objections to study (1) the basic information about the demand in occupational training by the retired of Rajamangala University of Technology in Bangkok and its vicinity and (2) the occupational training curriculum for the retired. The elderly that retired for Fiscal Year B.E. 2555 be affiliated with Rajamangala University of Technology in Bangkok and its vicinity such as Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin and Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Nontraburi Center were the population of this research. Sample consisted of 65. A questionnaire was used to collect data and statistical software was used to compute the percentage. The experimental results showed that the most of the respondents were not self- employed after retirement (9.385 %) but they wanted to be self- employed (69.25 %). The aims of training were adding new experience real-life applications and self- employment respectively. The training courses which the retired needed were “Dim sums” “Cookies” and “Thai crafts” respectively. The most of subjects wanted to make field trips at the interesting business (58.33 %) and take training courses about E-commerce (31.25 %) and marketing knowledge (10.41 %). The training courses would operate four days between 8.30 am and 16.30 pm and take three days for training activities and one day for field trip. Training locations were the faculty of Home Economics Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon and the business respectively. For expense factors it would charge the cost of materials but not training fee. For the factors promoting to achievement the most of respondents wanted to have the distributors (39.85 %) the source of investment funds (22.91 %) and the counseling agencies (10.41 %). The retired of six universities were interested in 3 occupational training courses namely the culinary job training courses for “Dim sums” “Cookies” and “Flower works and Banana Leaf Crafting for business” respectively. The complete training curriculum was organized by developing structures and elements of the training curriculum which comprised principles objectives aims duration structures explanation of each subject training guidelines devices result measurement and evaluation model and curriculum application guidelines.

The purpose of study had the following objectives 1) to produce food handbook for chronic kidney disease patients. 2) to test effectiveness of the food knowledge handbook. 3) to compare knowledge before and after learning the handbook on food for chronic kidney disease patients. The population of this research were 100 chronic kidney disease patients who were tested at the kidney center of Galyani Vadhana Siriraj hospital age between 40 – 59 years. The population were randomize age sample through purposive sampling. The tools were food knowledge handbook and knowledge measurement form participant were tested for nutrition knowledge before learning the handbook. The knowledge was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Difference between the averages was measured by the standard deviation (t-test) The study showed that the handbook contains knowledge of diet therapy for chronic kidney disease. The handbook was 80.00/83.40 effective comparing to the standard 80/80 specified. Result of the knowledge after learning the handbook was higher than the result before learning significantly different statistically at 0.05