Nowadays Thailand is realizing the economic value of earthworms. Earthworm farming is a driving force that can stimulate the Thai economy. The objective of this project is to measure the humidity and temperature properties of the worms the two boards are circuit boards in microcontroller. These are the WeMos D1 ESP8266 board and NodeMCU ESP-32S board. The WeMos D1 ESP8266 board to measure the amount of water and temperature of of the soil and can turn the water supply on or off automatically. The NodeMCU ESP-32S board has a database system to collect real-time humidity and temperature data. The data is processed and displayed via a web interface. The experiment showed that in regard to earthworm farming the soil moisture alert system in the earthworm closet has a temperature accuracy of 28.5°C. The top soil has a humidity accuracy of 65% the middle soil has a humidity accuracy of 67% and the lower soil has a humidity accuracy of 67%. This allows the ideal moisture and humidity levels for the propagation of earthworms to be maintained. The alert system displays the temperature and humidity in the earthworm closet and can turn the water supply off if the soil moisture level gets too high for the worms - this can all be monitored via the web application. .

In FinFET-based VLSI designs heat issues from increase of driving current with temperature and self-heating effect profoundly influence the circuit performance and reliability. This work evaluates the performance of FinFET-based combinational circuits considering BTI stress and thermal effect of supply voltage and frequency variations. The proposed simulation framework is applied to selected benchmark circuits implemented with the 14-nm tri-gate bulk FinFET technology. The experimental results reveal that as temperature increases BTI aging delay increasingly worsens yet it is overridden by performance gain from the increase in driving current. We also prove that BTI degradation is dependent on power supply and frequency through their thermal impacts. Further we introduce a DVFS based power reduction approach that scales down the supply voltage of hot circuits to maintain the performance. The results show that power reduction yielded from the proposed technique is larger for all circuits working at higher ambient temperature (as large as 66% in some experimental circuits working at 20 oC above the baseline ambient temperature) with a slight decrease in BTI degradation.

The objectives of this research are to study the production step proper ratio physical properties mechanical properties thermal insulation and sound insulation efficiency of concrete blocks mixed with coconut shell ash. The ratios of concrete block mixed with coconut shell ash include Portland cement type1: quarry dust: coconut shellash which equal to 1: 6.8: 0.2 1: 6.7: 0.3 1: 6.6: 0.4 1: 6.5: 0.5 and 1: 6.4: 0.6 by weight. Water per cement ratio are 0.6 by weight. The concrete block samples were casted by the general production as same as the ordinary concrete blocks and were tested follow TIS.58. From the results the best amount of coconut shell ash which put into concrete block is 1: 6.7: 0.3 of ratio. The proper ratios of coconut shell ash can decrease the density or weight and increase the thermal insulation and sound insulation efficiency of concrete blocks. However the high amounts of coconut shell ash effect to decrease the mechanical properties concrete blocks that are lower than TIS.58 standard.

The objective of this research is to develop a small and low-cost weather station. The station will be wireless transmit and receive data via radio signals. The 45mW solar cell will be used as a solar irradiance sensor which is very expensive for the weather station and the PIC18F97J60 controller will control the transmitter and receiver system. Moreover the author has developed the weather monitoring software by using LabVIEW. After testing the measurement percentage errors with the reference weather station the results showed that the relative humidity measurement error is equal to 3.106% the temperature measurement error is equal to 0.685% the wind speed is about 4.527% the wind direction measurement error is equal to 5.236% and the solar irradiance measurement error is equal to 0.501%. The longest working distance between the weather sensor and receiver unit is equal to 145 meters.

This paper presents a CMOS voltage reference design which is widely used in electronic circuits both analog and digital circuits. In the conventional a CMOS voltage reference circuit design composed of several MOS transistors and complicated circuits the output voltage cannot be adjusted to any levels. Therefore in this paper proposed the CMOS voltage reference circuit design technique based on a new current combination circuit which it was reduced number of MOS transistors and the proposed circuit is able to operate without complex startup circuit. The performance of the proposed circuit is confirmed through PSPICE simulation results the circuit can be operated with supply voltage varies from 2V to 4V the output voltage reference is about 231 2mV at wide temperature range of -80 to 120 it has very low temperature coefficient of about 37.65 ppm/ and a total power dissipation of 7.37 W