The image enhancement process of a digital image is a part of digital signal processing which it plays an important role in some industrial segments for instance object classification or bio-identification satellite exploration or aerial images robot vision cancer treatment etc. These image applications are necessary to consume many resources in physical hardware and computer programming including the intelligent algorithm development of complexly advanced processing in order to enhance digital images – as well as be easy to analyse by humans. This research is aimed to present on Contrast Enhancement using Bi-Histogram Equalization via Two Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (BHE2DWT) in order to compose the coefficient wavelet from other signals. At the end of the process information on the approximation band from DWT will be divided into two sub-histograms and then histograms will be independently equalized. After that resulting histograms will be decomposed by IDWT. Resulting images will be not only more displaying in high contrast than their original images but also preserve the absolute mean brightness error (AMBE) to close their original images.

The objective of this research is to propose a new way to fabricate a composite material for future bone replacement development via growing apatite crystal on silk fibroin fiber. Apatite crystallization on silk fibroin fiber was prepared by precipitation reaction between Ca(NO3)2 solution and (NH4)2HPO4 solution adjusted pH by NH4OH solution. In this work Effect of solution concentration and initial pH values was investigated on apatite crystals. Chicken eggshells were used as calcium source by heating sufficiently powdered eggshells at 1300 °C for 4 h to acquire CaO powders made Ca(NO3)2 solution by dissolving in 65% HNO3 solution. Prepared Ca(NO3)2 solutions were adjusted concentration as 3 levels and were adjusted different pH values of 7 8 and 9 respectively. For processing of apatite crystallization silk fibroin fibers were immersed in Ca(NO3)2 solutions for 30 min. After that (NH4)2HPO4 solutions were added in silk fibroin fibers immersed in Ca(NO3)2 solutions. Reaction time was fixed about 1 min before cleaning to remove impurity precipitates on surface of silk fibroin fiber. Finally apatite crystallization on silk fibroin fibers occurred. The obtained result can conclude morphologies of apatite crystals on silk fibroin fibers was sheets sphere and flower. Solution concentrations and initial pH values directly influenced on Ca/P ratio of obtained apatite crystals by Ca/P ratio increases as increased solution concentrations or increased pH values. Finally research silk fibroin fibers were woven as two patterns of plain weave and twill weave and they were investigated Young’s modulus and tensile strength. The result indicates that Young’s modulus of silk fibroin fiber sheets woven as twill weave and as plain weave were about 616 MPa and 425 Mpa and tensile strengths of them weave were about 40 Mpa and 72 Mpa respectively. The optimum condition of growing apatite crystals on silk fibroin fibers was sample of CP19. Design of silk fibroin fiber with plain weave was an optimum pattern for future biomedical applicaions.

This research was to determine the appropriated mixing ratio of bottom ash and admixture (dust rock and Portland cement type 1) for improving the compressive strength. Bottom ash was used instead of soil and the quantities of admixture were 0 2 4 6 8 and 10% by dry weight of bottom ash. The specimens were cured for 7 14 28 and 90 days. Results of compressive strength test show that the admixture of 8% was the best mixing ratio. The increasing primary strength is developed from hydration reaction and the increasing secondary strength at 90 days is developed from pozzolanic reaction. Moreover the compressive strength of this specimen is close to the compressive strength of laterite

This research studied about mixing material to make the cement block with corncob to get a lighter weight but still have industry standard strength for non-bearing concrete block (TIS. 58-2530). Normally general cement block use 1:2 ratio by weight of cement and flour rock respectively The corncob were ground through a standard 3/8 inches sieve and were used to replace the flour rock using a ratio of 0% 3% 5% 7% and 9% by weight and setting the ratio of water per cement as 36% 40% 44% and 48% by weight. The compressive strength of 7x19x39 centimeters cement block mixed with corncob was tested at the age of 28 days. The test results to make cement block mixed with corncob showed the suitable ratio 3% corncob using instead of flour rock. The average compressive strength of the blocks was 20.09 kg/cm2 and the percent of water absorption was 12.23 % which past the Thai Industry Standard (TIS 58-2530)

This study was undertaken to determine effect of bio-extract fermented from pig placenta and effect of wood vinegar solutions on seed germination percentage and speed of germination of 2 rice cultivars Chai Nat 1 and Sang Yod Phattalung. The experiment was conducted in factorial in completely randomized design with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor was ratios of the solutions to water and the second was duration for seed incubation. The results demonstrated that wood vinegar showed more positive effect on rice seed germination performances than that of bio-extract. Speed of germination was affected by an inter-action between the dilutions of the solutions and the duration for seed incubation. In Chai nat 1 experiment the seed soaked in 20 times dilution of bio-extract and subsequently incubated for 24 hrs increased speed of germination of the seed. While soaking the seed in 400 times dilution of wood vinegar and incubated for 24 hrs could enhance both percentage and speed of the seed germination. In Sang Yod Phattalung experiment soaking the seed in 50 times dilution of bio-extract and subsequently incubated for 48 hrs or soaking the seed in 300 times dilution of wood vinegar and incubated for 48 hrs could enhance both percentage and speed of seed germination. According to the results we concluded that soaking rice seed in bio-extract of pig placenta fermentation or in wood vinegar solutions could enhance the seed quality.