The three types of Hamiltonian describing photon-photon and photon-phonon interactions within an optical ring resonator in which quantum noise in fiber optics is generated are given. The Markov-Born approximation and +P representation of photon states in phase space are used in order to eliminate the reservoir state variables by substituting all into the master equation to get the coresponding Fokker-Planck equation. The corresponding Langevin equation describing evolution of quantum states of an entangled photon is analyzed. The optimum results show that the occuring quantum noise can be reduced from the three main parameters where the surviving polarized entangled photon can propagate in the fiber optic system for a long time until photon processings are attained.

This research aims to study roles and relationship model of local rulers in electing President and council members of Mueangbangkhung Sub-district Administration Organization Sawankhalok District Sukhothai Province (6 September 2009). Results showed that local rulers could perform their formal role well and could conduct effective election process. In informal role most involved in determining candidates and helping candidates to win the election with their request talk clarify and direct involvement in projects and activities through membership of Sub-district Administration Organization in their village after the election. Relationship models were in forms of help and support for their associates relatives and close friends as well as facilitation and exchange of benef its. Even though competitors had been elected the relationship in work was still in forms of generosity provision of work opportunity and cooperation between local government authorities and Sub-district Administration Organization as a whole. However there is still certain separation between local and government author

At present in Thailand single cylinder small engines have been used generally for agriculture. This leads to large amount of fuel import while the price of fossil fuels rise continuously. The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Eff iciency Ministry of Energy decided to draft the minimum energy eff iciency standard for small engines by studying and testing specif ic fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel engines based on the JIS B 8017 and TIS 787-2551 standards respectively. Results of the experiment revealed that specif ic fuel consumption of gasoline engine was higher than diesel engines between 39% and 49% at equivalent energy supply. However the limitation of maximum and minimum energy eff iciency for gasoline engine is still necessary in order to enhance energy eff iciency of small engines manufactured in Thailand

This research was aimed to study the user space of build ing and landscape design in Rajamangala University of Technology Phra-Nakhon (RMUTP.) to help for make building or design landscaped in RMUTP. The samples group in this research consisted in 70 samples is directors teachers officials and 480 samples is students in RMUTP. All sample size is 550 samples. Random by Yamane table 95% ± 5% The questionnaires have 2 issue 1) have 3 parts used for collecting data. -part one is rating scale questionnaires. The directors teachers official needs space for collected the many documents and want to have the private space for working want to have the air condition and raised lighting in study rooms. The topics of Sport recreation area religion area and healthy area. They wanted club for teacher and official In-door stadium recreation a·ctivity areas and foods center for students They want to raise the toilet indoor and bath rooms and want to have locker or space for keeping the things before come in library copy service and raise the desk and table for reading. The workshops they want to have the locker for keep any things of students store room and raised the lighting. Last in the landscape design they wanted to develop the university signboard in front of RMUTP. they want cars motorbike bicycle parks want relaxing areas gardens and they want to develop the sign for directed anywhere in RMUTP.

The Purpose of this research is to study about local identity in Lower Northern and product graphic design creation for local souvenir that leads to promotion in sales and promulgate in brand. The sample used in this research is entrepreneurs in the Lower Northern and customers or tourists by using cluster sampling method in 9 areas and accidental sampling in 3 weeks using 100 samples. Research tools have a 3 parts consisting of exploratory questionnaire for graphic design satisfaction questionnaire and efficiency performance evaluation. Data analysis is used by analysis frequency percentage and standard deviation. Process of research methodology consists of 1. Primary survey about identity attitude of Lower Northern 2. Analysis and conclude 3. Design and create graphic design 4. Satisfactory test 5. Efficiency performance of graphic design The results show that 1. The identity of Lower Northern should associate to religious place such as temple cathedral national park historical site occasion dialect language costume quotes and local souvenir. 2. The analysis of data about the relation of the most reminded Lower Northern place and the most participated place hasn’t correlative. For example “Tak Bart Tae Wo” tradition at Utaithani is the most participated needs but least memorized showing that special occasion has no relative or reminded to tourists but dimension and physical development do stick to them. 3. For upper northern area Graphic design pattern 2 is inspired from the “River Of Life”. 4. Efficiency form of lower north graphic design Overall is still well (Average 4.00). Overall of creation in color can tell and demonstrate to history of lower north and these can be applied for production design of souvenir is still well (Average 4.40). Next to below Pattern can communicate the local identity of lower north and dimension correlating to sight and restore form are still good (Average 3.80) At least Handiwork can tell and demonstrate to the identity of lower north (Average 3.60)