The attempt to fabricate gold films on glass slide (Au/glass) and silicon wafer (Au/Si) with gold leaf was unsuccessful due to poor adhesion between the gold leaf and substrates. Alternatively Au/glass and Au/Si films were fabricated by placing the substrate into the free space within sputtering chamber to collect the access Au vapor during the typical sputtering process for other samples. In this study the physical changes were observed in both Au/glass and Au/Si film under the film annealing from 300⁰C-700⁰C. The visual inspection via cell phone camera the micrograph via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the morphological changes with respect the annealing temperature in Au films due to solid state dewetting mechanism. The changes were more pronounce in Au/glass films than Au/Si films at the same annealing temperature. The X-ray diffraction measurement three phases of Au including Au(111) Au(200) and Au(220) in Au/glass films and one phase of Au(111) in Au/silicon films. The concentration and single crystallinity of Au(111) were increased with respect to annealing temperature in Au/glass film. For Au/Si films the concentration and single crystallinity of Au(111) were decreased at 300⁰C and then were increased at 700⁰C respectively. The physical changes of Au films are likely due to the movement of Au atoms via solid state dewetting and recrystallization. The heat intake from annealing process is likely induced the dewetting process by increasing the kinetic energy of Au atoms. While the recrystallization process is likely occur during the cooling period of the samples. Finally another factor that can affects the physical changes of Au films is the interface interaction between Au films and substrates.

The hybrid materials of lead sulfide with montmorillonite were synthesized by a solid-solid reaction between lead-exchanged montmorillonite and sodium sulfide at ambient condition. The hybrids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA).The basal spacing of heat-treated lead sulfide-montmorillonite-sodium sulfide (200oC) was 1.20 nm. The formation of lead sulfide in the hybrid confirmed by the non-resolved absorption band and absorption onset at 328 and 508 nm respectively for heat-treated lead sulfide-montmorillonite-sodium sulfide. The dramatic blue-shifted in the absorption onset relative to that of bulk was observed.The heat treated lead sulfide-montmorillonite-sodium sulfide showed an emission peak at 367 nm. The removal of adsorbed water resulted in the increasing intensity of the hybrid.

The objective of this research is to study how rotation speeds affect mechanical properties with friction welding between semi-solid metal 7075 aluminum alloys and semi-solid metal 356 aluminum alloys. The factor of interest is rotation speeds with different conditions at 800 1000 1200 1400 and 1600 rpm respectively. 1.8 millimeter for burn of length 30 seconds for welding time and clockwise rotation are set as a control constant condition for the entire experiment. After friction welding we found that different rotation speeds significantly affected mechanical properties of these alloys. At rotation speed 1400 rpm the maximum tensile strength is 122.24 MPa and the maximum hardness in welded zone is 140.5 HV. The microstructure size is 2.250 µm long and 2.144 µm wide. Its size in welded zone is practically small because of friction force. Moreover this friction force causes the mixture of MgZn2 and Mg2Si in welded zone.

The objective of this research was to compare the effectiveness of water hyacinth and cootail for wastewater treatment by taking water sample from Klong Bangkhen-mai near King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. The results showed that there was no diifference on water temperature changes in tanks between two plants. pH of water in coontail tanks was between pH 8.69 to pH 8.91 and pH of water in water hyacinth tanks was slightly increasing between pH 7.71 to pH 8.26. The more amount of coontail added the higher DO would be between 9.18 mg/L to 10.02 mg/L. Moreover COD of water was decreasing according to the amount of cootail addition and more effective than that in water hyacinth tank especially in 150 grams coontail tanks but TS in water hyacinth tanks was much more decreasing than that in coontail tanks. TS was between 21.73 mg/L to 25.91 mg/L. COD was between 45.30 mg/L to 48.34 mg/L.