This research presents the development of ultrasonic scaler for mobile dental unit. The operation of the scaler uses a phase-locked loop circuit to generate high frequency electrical signal. Then the signal is amplified with a Darlington amplifier circuit to feed to the coil in the Hand Piece resulting in Magnetostriction. This phenomenon causes the stretching and shrinking of the magneto-strictive stack with high frequency which causes the tip of the scaling head to vibrate more than 20000 times/second. Traditional ultrasonic scaler for mobile dental unit has thermal problem of the amplifier circuit due to use of the transistors as the switching devices. When used for a period of time the scaler is necessary to stop working resulting in not much scaling per day. This research solved the problem by using MOSFETs as switching devices and adding cooling system to the amplifier circuit. The experiment was carried out using actual conditions. The experimental results show that the developed scaler has increased the number of scaling per day. In addition it will still remove plaque and dirt in the gumline around the base of the teeth similar to the scaler used by general dentists.

The aim of this work was to fabrication of Hydroxyapatite Glass-ceramic by adding ZrO2 for Dental Application. The glasses were prepared by conventional melting of the coprecipitation derived starting products and heat treated at different temperatures. The structure mechanical properties and microstructure of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction Vicker hardness energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and scanning electron microscopy. The data showed that the samples with condition Li1-1450 and heated treatment at 830 C having high strength and proper crystallinity showed good translucency which comparable with that of the sample from factory. XRD analysis revealed XRD analysis revealed that the peak corresponds to the crystallization of Li2SiO3 SiO2or Li6SiO8which are important phases have effect to increasing the mechanical properties of samples.

The purpose of this project is analyze to the transparency and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate for dental application. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were synthesised by using melting technique in SiO2-Li2O-Al2O3-K2O -P2O5 glass system and heated treatment samples at the crystallization temperature of that glass. The Differential thermal analysis: DTA X-ray diffraction: XRD were used analysis on thermal properties phase formation. Moreoven density Hardness were determined to evaluate the properties at physical and Mechanical respective by the X-ray diffraction showed that the glass-ceramic sample demonstrated the phase of Li2SiO3 Li2Si2O5 and SiO2 . The optimum of glass-ceramic. Sample were on faired with the sample heated 650°c first step and heated at 800°c for second step. That show the highest hardness valve at 755 HV