This research studied the factors that affect the efficiency of phosphate reduction in the wastewater of the washing process with CaCO3 and CaO produced from eggshell and mussel shell. The study found that the optimum condition for adsorption when using CaCO3 from eggshell is to adjust the pH to be equal to 10 take 15 minutes to absorb and add 1 gram of sorbent which can reduce the phosphate content by 25 percent and when changing the adsorbent to CaO the optimum condition for phosphate removal is to adjust the pH to 7 take 15 minutes to absorb and add 1 gram of adsorbent which can reduce the phosphate content by 24 percent. The optimum conditions for adsorption when using CaCO3 from mussel shell were to adjust the pH to 10 take 45 minutes to absorb and add 1 gram of sorbent which can reduce the phosphate content by 25 percent and when changing adsorbents to CaO the optimum condition for phosphate removal is to adjust the pH to 10 take 15 minutes to absorb and add 3 grams of adsorbents which can reduce the phosphate content by 24 percent. In addition when studying the adsorption of impurities in the wastewater such as conductivity turbidity COD and BOD it is found that the optimum reduction conditions can reduce the impurities of the parameters that mentioned above were 19.32 2.60 54.77 and 16.67 percent respectively. CaCO3 and CaO produced from eggshell and mussel shell can be used to absorb impurities in wastewater before releasing into natural water sources.

A simple flow injection analytical system for an automatic determination of phosphate in water samples using the molybdenum blue method was developed. Samples were injected and mixed with ascorbic acid used as a reducing agent. The absorbance of the resulting molybdenum blue complex was measured at 880 nm by a spectrophotometer. The optimal conditions of this system were 2 mL/min of carrier flow rate 1000 μL of sample volume 60 centimeters of mixing tube length and 0.020 mol/L of ascorbic acid. The proposed method showed reliability high sensitivity spend small amount of reagents and samples and fast sample throughput (52 samples/hour). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.015 mg P/L of phosphate. Precision obtained injecting a phosphate standard solution of 0.50 mg P/L (n=10) was 1.81%. This system can be applied to determination of phosphate content in surface water samples in Lopburi province by comparing with a standard method. It was found that obtained from the developed system agreed well with the standard method using the pair t-test (tstat 0.04 < tcrit 2.36). This flow injection analysis system has no effect from arsenate and silicate interference for the analysis of natural water samples.

This research then has two main objectives. The first objective is to fabrication of bioactive glass ceramics containing BaFe12O19 (BF) crystals has been carried out for the application in hyperthermia treatment. The BaFe12O19 powder was firstly prepared and subsequently mixed with the non-silicate P2O5-CaO-Na2O bioactive glass with various BF concentrations. After that the glass ceramics were produced via a sintering method at 600◦C and their crystal phases were examined by XRD and in vitro test was carried out by soaking in simulated body fluid. Remanence and saturation magnetization and coercivity were deduced from magnetic measurement. It was found that the samples exhibited magnetic behavior which is similar to hard magnetic materials. Our second objective is the effects of sintering temperatures on the physical and bioactivity of SrFe12O19 (SF)-P2O5-CaO-Na2O bioglass ceramics were investigated. XRD results confirmed the existence of the strontium ferrite and calcium phosphate phases. SEM images showed that grain size and hardness were related to density and liquid phase present in the samples. A maximum coercivity value of 3138 Oe was obtained for the bioglass ceramic sintered at 600 ºC. The remanence (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms) of the bioglass ceramic sintered at 500 ºC possess the maximum value of 6.35 and 10.64 emu/g respectively. Moreover the apatite was formed on the surface layers of the bioglass ceramics confirming their biocompatibility

This research then has two main objectives. The first objective is to fabrication of bioactive glass ceramics containing BaFe12O19 (BF) crystals has been carried out for the application in hyperthermia treatment. The BaFe12O19 powder was firstly prepared and subsequently mixed with the non-silicate P2O5-CaO-Na2O bioactive glass with various BF concentrations. After that the glass ceramics were produced via a sintering method at 600◦C and their crystal phases were examined by XRD and in vitro test was carried out by soaking in simulated body fluid. Remanence and saturation magnetization and coercivity were deduced from magnetic measurement. It was found that the samples exhibited magnetic behavior which is similar to hard magnetic materials. Our second objective is the effects of sintering temperatures on the physical and bioactivity of SrFe12O19 (SF)-P2O5-CaO-Na2O bioglass ceramics were investigated. XRD results confirmed the existence of the strontium ferrite and calcium phosphate phases. SEM images showed that grain size and hardness were related to density and liquid phase present in the samples. A maximum coercivity value of 3138 Oe was obtained for the bioglass ceramic sintered at 600 ºC. The remanence (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms) of the bioglass ceramic sintered at 500 ºC possess the maximum value of 6.35 and 10.64 emu/g respectively. Moreover the apatite was formed on the surface layers of the bioglass ceramics confirming their biocompatibility

In this research scaffolds of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and zinc nickel ferrite (ZnxNi1-xFe2O4) were simply fabricated via the uniaxial pressing together with pressureless sintering which can be tailored for specific applications. The morphology of ZnxNi1-xFe2O4/β-TCP scaffolds with all formulas obtained from the SEM result revealed the larger grains the higher porosity and higher interconnectivity with increasing of ZnxNi1-xFe2O4 amount in β-TCP matrix. The high porous structure of the composite scaffold provided high surface area for cell attachment indicative of good cell growth and differentiation. Biological in vitro test using direct contact method with human cells revealed that the composite scaffold of β-TCP and Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 with all ratios induced the higher growth of Human osteoblast cells and the better cell spreading on surface of specimens