Chromium (III) is an inorganic salt being used as corrosion inhibitor plating agents surface treating agents furniture furnishings and textile printing and etc. The discharge of industrial waste water containing chromium (III) into the water source was toxic to the aquatic lives and some parts accumulate in the soil chromium (III) reduces the growth of plants reduced photosynthesis inhibit the enzyme activity imbalanced in plants and reduced productivity and etc. For this reason method to remove it before discharge the effluent into the water source is necessary. The use of apatite materials for adsorption and immobilization of various pollutants was a technique that was more likely to be used.Due to its high adsorbency easy to use and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research was to study the preparation of calcium hydroxyapatite structural characterization of calcium hydroxyapatite by X-ray diffraction technique adsorption study of chromium solution with calcium hydroxyapatite in various conditions and the determination of adsorption isotherm. The results showed that the optimum contact time of calcium hydroxyapatite and chromium solution was 3 hours. Most adsorption works well at a pH of around 6.76. Considering the amount of chromium (III) adsorbed at equilibrium (q) it was found that the calcium hydroxyapatite with 10 % zinc added that has been calcined to 400 OC and the calcium hydroxyapatite with 15 % zinc added that has been calcined to 800 OC were to adsorb chromium (III) more than other sorbents. The adsorption isotherm was suited with Fruendlich and Langmuir. The calcium hydroxyapatite with 10 % and 15 % zinc added that has been calcined to 400 OC had the highest adsorption capacity (qm) up to 178.57 and 181.82 mg/g respectively. In addition it was found that calcium hydroxyapatite which heated to 800 degrees Celsius can decompose tricalciumphosphate.

This research aims to produce activated carbon from molasses via a chemical activation process with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a microwave heating process which consumes less energy and provides more rapid and uniform heat distribution than a conventional heating. The obtained activated carbon was then characterized with BET SEM and FTIR. It exhibited a large specific surface area of 1631 m2/g and a total pore volume of 1.124 cm3/g consisting of mesopore and micropore. In addition the active functional groups were also found on the surface of the activated carbon. Thus it was brought for the adsorption test with methylene blue. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon increased with time and reached the equilibrium within 8 hours. The adsorption data of the activated carbon were corresponded to Langmuir isotherm with the highest adsorption capacity of 370.37 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic of the activated carbon exhibited pseudo-second order reaction suggesting to the chemisorption phenomenon. From the thermodynamic study it revealed that the adsorption process were endothermic and spontaneous reactions.

The objective of this work was to study the adsorption efficiency of bamboo and its surface modified with manganese oxide for removal of Pb(II) ion. The adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto bamboo (BB) and manganese oxide-modified bamboo powder (MnO-BB) was evaluated based on batch experiment. The adsorption efficiency of MnO-BB onto Pb(II) was investigated as a function of the initial pH of 6 equilibrium time of 30 min adsorbent concentration of 5 g/L and initial concentration of Pb(II) solution in the range of 50-500 mg/L. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to describe the equilibrium isotherm. It is observed that the data from MnO-BB adsorbents fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MnO-NC were estimated as 38.76 mg/g. By comparing with BB the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed onto MnO-BB was more than BB by about 40 times under the optimized adsorption condition. According to Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm the adsorptive mechanism of Pb(II) onto MnO-BB was chemisorption. The kinetic studies of Pb(II) demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto MnO-BB adsorbent followed a pseudo second-order model with a good correlation. The adsorption mechanism was processed via chemical ion exchange between H+ and bonded MnO groups and Pb(II) ions in solution

The pomelo peels charcoal was successfully prepared by traditional charcoal burning and its adsorption of methylene blue was investigated. The influences of methylene blue adsorption including contact time and methylene blue initial concentration were studied at room temperature. The adsorption rate initially increased rapidly until 24 h and 600 mg/L of methylene blue initial concentration. The further increase in contact time and methylene blue initial concentration did not significantly increase the adsorption due to it reached equilibrium. Kinetic of adsorption were investigated that the pseudo-second order model best described adsorption kinetic data. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated and the data correlated with Langmuir adsorption model with the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 166.67 mg/g. The adsorption of pomelo peel charcoal was studied comparing to other adsorbents at the same experimental conditions. The results showed higher adsorption of pomelo peel charcoal than dried pomelo peel longan wood charcoal coconut shell charcoal litchi wood charcoal and tamarind wood charcoal respectively.

The current time activated Carbon spaciously have been used in the process of wastewater Treatment and Air Pollution Treatment because of it can absorb various materials such as colors smells and organic materials both in the wastewater or air pollution In this research the researcher interest to study the activated carbon from bagasse as become more quantity in the country to use for reducing the pollution of wastewater at Sugar Company and recycling the leaving materials. This study is the Experimental Research being divided into 2 kinds of charcoal: 1) synthesizing activated carbon from bagasse 2) charcoal. The three contents of waste water: 10 50 and 100 percent are used for analyzing and testing at three periods of time: 30 60 and 90 minutes. The example of the wastewater were analyzed the color and COD. The using activated carbon from the bagasse with the content of wastewater at 10% shown that it could not absorb the color differently at every periods of time the color remained lower than 5 Pt-Co and it could reduce more COD at the more periods of time. At the content of waste water 50% shown that the more using time for absorbing the color the quality of absorbing become lower (10 15 and 20 Pt-Co) but it became more reduce COD while the absorbing the color at the content of waste water 100% found that when used the more time quality of absorbing the color became lower (25 30 and 35) while the quality of reducing the COD became increase. The charcoal at the content of wastewater 10% its’ absorbing color was 5 Pt-Co at the all periods of time but the result of reducing the COD was increase: 4300 4000 and 3800 respectively. As the testing the content of waste water at 50% shown that the more using the time its’ quality of absorbing the color became lower while the quality of reducing the COD became decrease: 7330 6500 and 6030 respectively. As studying the content of waste water 100% found that the more using the time for treatment the waste water its’ quality became decrease but it could more reduced COD. The comparison between the activated carbon from bagasse and the charcoal shown that the activated carbon from bagasse can absorb the color better than the charcoal at 0.25 Pt-Co and could more reduce COD than the charcoal 43.5 % by average at the content of waste water 10%. While the waste water 50% the activated carbon from bagasse could more absorb the color than the charcoal at 55% and can more reduced the COD than the charcoal 19.34% averagely. For the content of waste water 100 % the activate carbon from bagasse could more absorb the color than the charcoal at 54.17% and reduced the COD 7.83% by averaging.