The purposes of this research were to assess the combined phytotoxicity of glyphosate and carbendazim which were normally used as herbicide and fungicide contaminated in soil as 100 – 1000 mg/kg on seedling growth of ridge gourd. Both of glyphosate and carbendazim were toxic to shoot and root growth of ridge gourd seedlings. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) on shoot length root length root fresh weight and shoot dried weight of ridge gourd seedlings for glyphosate were 669.4 413.0 574.5 and 241.4 mg/kg respectively whereas for carbendazim were >1000 357.8 >1000 and 71.4 mg/kg respectively. Co-contamination between glyphosate and carbendazim seemed to be antagonistic effect. Both of glyphosate and carbendazim at all concentration were not toxic to chlorophyll content in cotyledon of ridge gourd seedlings.

The effect of pesticides on farmers and the distribution of residual pesticides in rice plants and rice grain was studied in rice farming area covered in Samchuk district Suphanburi province. The situation and health effects related to pesticides was conducted using an individual interview and filled-form questionnaire with 126 samples. The participants were male of 68.3% and female of 31.7%. Educational level of participants was to be 36.5% and 24.6% for primary and elementary levels respectively. One-third of farmers (33.3%) reported a monthly income in the range of 5000 to 10000 Baht. A quarter of farmers (25.4%) got higher a monthly income with 10001 to 15000 Baht. Family members was found to be 4 persons (54%) 5 persons (19.8%) and over 5 persons (11.1%). All participants concerned the behavior and perception related pesticides for their highly toxicities and extremely dangerously death. A half of herbicide (50%) was glyphosate. Seriously paraquat (commercial name of Gramoxone) was found to be 22%. On the other hand the most of insecticide (55%) was an abamectin and carbofuran (commercial name of Furadan) was found to be 15%. A 20 samples of rice plants and rice grain was collected by random sampling. The residual carbofuran and glyphosate in rice plants and rice grain was determined using standard method. It was found that carbofuran was found in the range of ND-0.05 μg/kg and ND-0.08 μg/kg for rice plants and rice grain respectively. Glyphosate was found in the range of ND-0.26 μg/ kg and ND– 0 . 2 2 μg/ kg for rice plants and rice grain respectively. The residual levels of carbofuran and glyphosate in rice plants and rice grain depended on a spray period time their decomposition and the concentration of carbofuran and glyphosate. The residual levels of carbofuran and glyphosate did not significantly quantitative correlation between rice plants and rice grain.