This thesis was an analysis of the significance of angle of inclination and the thickness of the armor plate on the penetration resistance of bullets on aluminum and stainless steel armor plates determined by the finite element method. In this study the information results obtained from actual firing of bulletproof armor and the finite element simulation according to NIJ 3 standards were compared to create a pattern of bulletproof and bulletproof armor using the SolidWorks program. The simulation model of the armor shooting was created by the Ansys/Explicit Dynamics program. The bullet material was 7.62 mm tungsten carbide (WC). There were three plate types used in the simulation were made of different bulletproof armor materials: 1) stainless steel SUS304 using for the plate thickness of 5 6 8 10 14 20 30 40 45 and 55 mm. 2) aluminum AL7075 using for the plate thicknesses of 6 8 10 and 20 mm. Additionally 3) tungsten carbide using for the plate thicknesses of 6 8 and 10 mm. Each of these plates had a width x length of 300 x 300 mm. The simulation models were divided into two types: Type 1 a simulation firing at one plate at a time. Type II a simulation firing at two layered plates stacked together without any gaps between plates. The front and the back plates made of stainless steel and aluminum respectively or tungsten carbide and stainless steel respectively were determined. The angles of firing at bulletproof armor were set at 0 30 and 45 degrees. The output results were that in Type I the stainless-steel plate with a thickness of 30 mm or more could resist the penetration of bullets. However in Type II 2 stacked layers of the armor plates using the front stainless plate with a thickness of only 20 mm and the back aluminum plate with a thickness of only 8 mm could provide the same constructive results as those of tungsten carbide and stainless steel plates for the front and back plates with both thickness setting at 16 mm. All of them showed the resistance of the penetration to the bullets. More observation was that the increases in angles as a result enhanced more resistance of the bulletproof plates to bullet penetration.

This research project aimed to analyze and design the pattern of a bulletproof metal armor plate as well as build a bulletproof metal armor plate for a small armored regular truck. The methodology consisted of the NIJ standard test and the finite element analysis. The bulletproof plates created were tested for a real firing. Their firing results were compared with those of NIJ-standard using a finite element program in this case applying with the program Ansys/Explicit Dynamic. SolidWorks program is employed as a tool to design and create 3D models of armor plates and bullets. The materials taken in the finite element simulation were SKD11 and SUS304 and the parameters utilized in the research were material types hardness values spacing between the plates and thickness. In the case of two armor plates stacked SKD11 material was designed for the first armor plate to be hit by the bullet. It served to destroy bullets. In addition the second armor plate made of SUS304 material served to absorb energy and obstruct the movement of bullets. For testing a 30-06 caliber M2 AP 166 Gr bullet was selected at a 0-degree angle and the velocities measured and set by the Ansys/Explicit Dynamic program were 901.7 m/s and 880 m/s respectively. The front plate made of SKD11 material with a thickness of 10 mm and the back plate made of SUS304 material with a thickness of 10 mm were fired 1 shot. The results showed that the bullet could penetrate the front armor plate but not penetrate the back-armor plate. In the NIJ 3 standard tests the shooting with a 7.62x51 mm NATO FMJ 148 Gr shell at a 0-degree angle for 5 times with velocities equal to 846.4 841.3 839.1 838.2 and 845.3 m/s was performed on the stacking front and back armor plates both made of SUS304 material with a thickness of 8 mm. The bullet velocity simulated by the Ansys program was 847 m/s resulting in the front plate having a bullet penetration and a slight bulge on the back plate. From the finite element simulation results and the actual test results it was found that the damage to the armor plates detected by both methods was consistent. Therefore the finite element program was selected to simulate the damage of armor plates resistant to penetration according to the NIJ standard Level 4. The results of the research could be concluded that the use of armor plates stacked with suitable different materials in multiple layers would affect the penetration resistance. Increased thickness and optimal spacing between the armor plates were important parameters in penetration resistance. Moreover it revealed that the higher the material hardness the better its ability to resist penetration. In particular this suggestion should be applied to the first armor plate or front armor plate.

Recently the consumption rate of vehicle is continuously an increase as an economic growth. This not only causes the massive traffic but also effects on the accidental capacity especially the road accident between car and pedestrian. The most of victims who dead are Vulnerable Road Users are crashed by the front-end structure. Regarding this problem; the possibility of the Pedestrian Crash Simulator has studied and established following the Euro New Car Assessment Programs in Pedestrian Protection. This simulator can be adjusted in 3 axles of tested position. Besides the body forms are used as impactors which are pushed the high speed drive unit via the iron less linear motor. In addition the simulator can be adjusted from 0 to 65 of degree comparing the horizontal line. As a result the limitation of the Pedestrian Crashed Simulator is linear speeds because of budget limitation. The highest of performance is not more than 3000 mm/s with 19.46 mm/s2 of speeds and acceleration respectively. However this simulator can be developed the ability by addition of the power unit and control equipment. The highest acceleration should be 35.06 m/s2 within 1.76 m. of magnetic track rail to equivalent the specified condition of the EURO NCAP (in Pedestrian protection). Pedestrian protection testing machine

การวิจัยครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพที่เน้นศึกษาสถานการณ์ที่คาดว่าจะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคตเกี่ยวกับอุตสาหกรรมยายยนต์ไทยใช้เทคนิคการวิเคราะห์การวางแผนภาพวาดแห่งอนาคต โดยได้ทำการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลผ่านขั้นตอนในการวิจัย 6 ขั้นตอน ได้แก่ ขั้นที่ 1 ระบุถึงความท้าทายที่จะส่งผลกระทบต่ออุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ของประเทศไทย โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งกลุ่มธุรกิจรถยนต์ ขั้นที่ 2 รวบรวมข้อมูลที่เกี่ยวกับอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ไทย โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งกลุ่มธุรกิจรถยนต์จากการสอบถามผู้เกี่ยวข้องกับอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์จำนวน 5 ราย และรวบรวมข้อมูลจากหนังสือพิมพ์ นิตยสารที่เกี่ยวข้อง สื่อออนไลน์ บทสัมภาษณ์ของผู้บริหารและบุคคลที่เกี่ยวข้องกับอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์จากสื่อออนไลน์เพื่อนำมาใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเพื่อ นำไปสู่การวางแผนภาพวาดแห่งอนาคตของอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ไทย ขั้นที่ 3 การระบุปัจจัยสภาพแวดล้อมทางธุรกิจที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อการดำเนินธุรกิจหรืออุตสาหกรรมปัจจัยสภาพแวดล้อมทางธุรกิจที่เป็นตัวขับเคลื่อน โดยใช้การวิเคราะห์ STEBNPDILE ขั้นที่ 4 กำหนดความไม่แน่นอนที่สำคัญที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในอนาคตของอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ไทย ขั้นที่ 5 สร้างภาพวาดแห่งอนาคตของอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ไทย ขั้นที่ 6 ระบุประเด็นของภาพวาดแต่ละภาพเพิ่มเติมและสร้างขอบเขตเรื่องราวที่เกี่ยวข้องกับอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ไทย ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ปัจจัยที่มีความสำคัญมากที่สุดในแง่ระดับความไม่แน่นอนและผลกระทบที่มีต่ออุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ไทยได้แก่ ปัจจัยด้านเศรษฐกิจและปัจจัยด้านสภาพแวดล้อม ซึ่งนำไปสู่การกำหนดภาพวาดแห่งอนาคตของอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ไทย ได้ทำการกำหนดภาพวาดที่แตกต่างกันออกมา ภาพ ได้แก่ 4 ภาพวาดที่ 1 รถเพื่อชีวิต ภาพวาดที่ 2 นวัตกรรมเพื่ออนาคต ภาพวาดที่ 3 ไฟดับ และภาพวาดที่ 4 รถเพื่อการดำเนินชีวิต

Brake system is used the friction between disk and pads. In the driving conditions the brake behavior from the driver is difference. Based on this reason the damage on disk and pads are occurring. Nowadays the ratio of compound materials in pads is several and involved automotive industry has not available enough to experiment. Thus it is difficult to brake pads damaged analyzing in several driving conditions. In this problem the mechanical property tester is main tool for experimenting. And test procedure based on the Brake lining and disc brake pads compressibility JIS D 4413 [7]. The experiment emphasizes on the flexibility behavior and internal energy by volume with 3 types of brake lining and pads. For the experiment focused on conditions by normal apply brake repeat apply brake and suddenly apply brake. The results revealed the normal apply brake condition the maximum and minimum of flexibility behavior was appeared on brake lining and pads type A and type C with testing temperature at 2000C. By the repeat and suddenly apply brake conditions the brake lining and pads type C and type A with 300C is given to the maximum and minimum flexibility behavior. In case of internal energy by volume the maximum and minimum energy was appeared on pads type C and B at the 300C of testing temperature. For the testing temperature at 200 and 4000C the pads type A and type B were got the maximum and minimum energy respectively. On the other hand at the high flexibility behavior is given to high internal energy at the high temperature of the apply brake condition.