For modern processors permanent and transient errors due to increased temperature and single event effect continue to intensify as device technologies scale down to small nanometers. While many researchers have proposed efficient methods to limit one of these two problems those techniques may worsen the other reliability aspect. In this project we introduce a novel leakage reduction approach for long-term reliability improvement which considers the impact of shortterm reliability effect from soft errors. In particular we firstly employ body bias tuning to reduce leakage and further investigate its impact on delay and soft error rate of the circuit. It has been discovered from our experiment that use of reverse body bias to control leakage can raise the soft error rate in addition to the delay performance. We therefore integrate several effects of body bias into the proposed leakage reduction technique. The experimental results show that our approach provides satisfactory leakage reduction with confined soft error and delay degradation in 32 nm high-k/metal gate benchmark circuits.

The tungsten carbide powder which recycled from the scarps of cemented tungsten carbide produces the purity of 99%. Using this tungsten carbide powder to manufacture a cutting tool and test its properties are the main objective of this work. Based on the standard SNMG 120408 the cutting tool with the dimension of 12.7x12.7x4.76 is fabricated. With the 100 hours of Ball milling grinding Cobalt mixing and sintering at 1430 °C the experimental result is impressive. At 15% of mixedcobalt the cutting tool with the hardness of 2031.6 HV be able to cut S45C steel in the feed rate of 0.2 meters per revolution and 45 m/min in the cutting speed. Besides that it provides the depth of cut of 0.25 mm and when it reaches the cutting distance of 4200 mm the surface roughness is 3.65 μm. In comparison with the cutting tool made of imported tungsten carbide powder which has a hardness of 1254 HV it turned out that our cutting tool has the equivalent quality in terms of hardness and wear resistance. Hence this work is considered to be a material development and a tungsten carbide cutting tool manufacture those would be the vital base to lead us to a commercial production.