Podostemaceae a family of aquatic flowering plant restricted to river rapids and waterfalls are widely reported to be the high incidence of endemism and in need for conservation. The present study analyses endemism and conservation status of the Podostemaceae in northeastern floristic region Thailand using past and current taxonomic records personal field collections geographic ranges IUCN assessment and a combination of river number in which a species occurs. The plants grown in one river and two rivers are considered as narrow endemic species. Among the six genera and 22 species recognized two genera are endemic eighteen species are endemic to Thailand eleven species of the 18 are narrowly distributed and confined in northeastern floristic region and the other 4 species are not endemic. Considering the conservation status two species are classified as Critically Endangered distributed in a single river ten species as Vulnerable distributed in 1-2 rivers six species as Near Threatened two species as Least Concern and two species as Data Deficient. Loei province is the most species-rich area in Thailand with 12 species five of them are restricted in Loei.

The objectives of this research were 1) to develop and validate the structural equation model of application of the sufficiency economy philosophy with socioeconomics of rural community households 2) to study the importance scale of each of the observed variables with socioeconomics and the sufficiency economy philosophy of rural community households and 3) to study the correlation level between the sufficiency economy philosophy and socioeconomics of rural community households. The main focus of this study was on rural community households. Simple random sampling technique was used to arrive at 400 samples and a questionnaire was administered to collect data and analyzed by descriptive statistics factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. The result showed that the model was consistent with the empirical data. Goodness of fit measures were found to be: Chi-square 52.37(p- value= 0.15491). It was also found that the factor loading of socioeconomics with the highest point was the consumption expenditure at 0.68 whereas the factor loading of the sufficiency economy philosophy with the highest point was the criterion of moderation at 0.66. Besides it was found that the rural community households’ behavior of applying the sufficiency economy philosophy received direct influence from the socioeconomic factors at the point of 0.12.

The species composition of Podostemaceae was studied in Loei northeastern Thailand from November 2009 to July 2010 by extensive surveying in the rapids and waterfalls inside and outside of national parks wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas. The samples collected are classified into 2 subfamilies which are Tristichoideae and Podostemoideae. The former contains 2 genera and 3 species Dalzellia kailarsenii Terniopsis sp. 1 Terniopsis sp. 2. The latter has 4 genera and 9 species Hanseniella heterophylla Hydrobryum japonicum Hydrobryum loeicum Hydrobryum tardhuangense Hydrobryum vientianense Hydrobryum sp. 1 Hydrobryum sp. 2 Polypleurum sessile Thawatchaia trilobata. The highest number of species occurs in Hydrobryum with 6 species following by Terniopsis with 2 species. The other four genera have one species each. Based on morphological and molecular analyses revealed that 2 species of the genus Hydrobryum are new and 2 taxa of Terniopsis are also new species. Polypleurum sessile and Thawatchaia trilobata are new recorded in Loei province. The result from this study indicates that the genus richness is relatively high in Loei province which encompasses 60% of the total number of genera (10) in Thailand. The plants in vegetative phase are completely submersed in swiftly running water during a warm wet season (May-October). The plants flower and set fruits and seeds when exposing to air during water level drop in a cool dry season (November- February).

Species composition and reproductive phenology of aquatic plants in Na Haeo District. Loei Province Northeastern Thailand were conducted from October 2008 to September 2009. A total of 85 species 67 genera were identified from 37 families. Of the 85 species there were 4 species of lower plants and 81 species

The objectives of the study titled “Dialect Preservation and Transference : Lao Khrung Dontoom District Nakhonpathom Province” were 1) to study about Lao Khrung language in Dontoom Nalon Pathom 2) to collect the local language information and to write manual “How to study Lao Khrurng?” for schools and other educational institutes in Dontoom Nakhon Pathom. In addition the project aimed 3) to conserve inherit and distribute Lao Khrung to remain in the society with qualitative research methodology. The scope of this research was at Ban Tung Phak Good Dontoom Nakhon Pathom (Lao Khrung Community area). The findings showed that the local language “Lao Khrung” was similar to the voice of Laotians in Luang Pra Bang which was the original homeland of Lao Khrung people in Dontoom. The written forms or alphabets could not be found in Lao Lhrung it had only the spoken language for communication. The sounds in Lao Khrung changed in many ways such as Sound Change Metathesis Sound Shifi Deletion Addition and Assimilation. Lao Khrung language was divided into 10 types including day time number animal flower tree vegetable and fruit characteristic body disease relatives occupation cloth decorations and miscellaneous. The study found that Lao Khrung had different consonant sounds tones words sentences and final particles from other Laotian people who immigrated into this area at the same time. Especially the final particles were much contrastive; they were used as a question a request and an affirmative sentence in the same sentence. Which type of these sentences were used depended on situation intimate status seniority respect social status intention mood and context in each conversation. Transmission inheritance and remaining of Lao Khrung resulted from learning from parents grandparents and elder people from daily routine being familiar with communication and practicing by imitation. The findings showed that conservation and inheritance of local language should be supported restored preserved to study and to collect the information of local language in order to stimulate local people to realize the importance of local language; the local course should also be made. Additionally the local scholars’ capabilities should be developed and supported to express out. Thus the inheritance restoration and transmission to the next generation help preserve and remain Lao Khrung in the Lao Khrung community onwards.