This research aimed to study the use of coarse aggregate obtained from removing old recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in the production of the porous concrete paving block. Crushing and size separation of the coarse aggregate by using standard sieve size by selected the gradation size of the coarse aggregate that passed to sieve size 1/2” and retained on sieve size 3/8” and other that passed to sieve size 3/8” and retained on sieve size No.4 by mixing ratio 50 : 50 of the mass as replaced natural coarse aggregate. Portland cement quantity about 18% and 20% by weight of the aggregate. The water to cement ratio was 0.30 and 0.35 respectively. Compressive strength flexural strength and water permeability were investigated. The results showed that the cement content and water to cement ratio was influenced the strength properties and water permeability rate of the porous concrete paving block. The porous concrete paving block mixed with higher cement content (20%) had the compressive strength at the age of 28 days increased by 16-24% when compared with lower cement content (18%). On the other hand the water permeability rate decreased by 5.1-8.1%.

This research aims to study the using rock fragments of basalt mining to develop paving block product. The mixture ratios of Portland cement type1: basalt rock fragments: tap water are 1 : 4 : 0.45 1 : 4.5 : 0.45 1 : 5 : 0.45 1 : 5.5 : 0.45 and 1 : 6 : 0.45 by weight. The paving block samples are cast in 30 x 30 x 5 centimeter in dimension. The paving block sample testing follows the TIS 378-2531 on concrete flooring tiles. From the experiment bending strength of paving blocks with high quantity of basalt rock fragments is lower than paving blocks with low quantity of basalt rock fragments but the water absorption of paving blocks with high quantity of basalt rock fragments are higher. However all of basalt rock fragments paving block samples with lower than 1 : 5.5 : 0.45 of ratio can pass the standard.

This research aims to study the usage pumice rock fragments to develop paving block product for community. The mixture ratios of Portland cement type1: sand: quarry dust: pumice rock fragments: water that there are 6 ratios. The paving block samples are casted in 30 x 30 x 5 centimeter in dimension. The paving block sample testing follows the TIS 378-2531 on concrete flooring tiles. From the experiment bending strength and thermal conductivity of paving blocks with high quantity of pumice rock fragments are lower than paving blocks with low quantity of pumice rock fragments but the water absorption of paving blocks with high quantity of pumice rock fragments are higher. However all of pumice rock fragments paving block samples with lower than 1: 2: 2.4: 0.6: 0.6 of ratio can pass the standard and the surface temperature is lower than other covering materials about 2 degree Celsius.

The objective of this research is to study the implementing the agricultural residue to the design of outdoor paving block for lowering the building temperature. The base layer admixture (layer no.1) is selected from cement type1: quarry dust: rice husk: rice straw: water ratios equal to 1: 3: 0: 0: 0.3 1: 1: 0: 1: 0.5 1: 1. 0.25: 0.75: 0.5 1: 1: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5 1: 1: 0.75: 0.25: 0.5 and 1: 1: 1: 0: 0.5 by weight. The surface layer admixture (layer no.2) is white silica cement: yellow stone chip no.4: water equals to 1: 4: 0.3 by weight. The exterior floor-covering blocks were tested following density testing water absorption testing compressive testing and surface temperature testing compare with laterite sandstone paving concrete block marble and granite. Resulting the best ratio of cement type1: quarry dust: rice husk: rice straw: water is 1: 1: 0.75: 0.25: 0.5 that has properties at 28 days following 1939.43 kg/m of density 14.97 % of water absorption 284.69 ksc of compressive strength and lower than other paving blocks around 3 – 13 degrees Celsius of surface temperature